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RAI
Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as '''Radio Audizioni Italiane''',[La radio in Italia cronologia Retrieved on 2007-11-28] is the Italy|Italian Public broadcasting|public service Broadcasting|broadcaster, the biggest television company in Italy. It operates many television channels and radio stations, broadcasting in analog terrestrial (until 2013), in digital terrestrial and in several satellite and IPTV offerings. RAI is one of the 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950.
Half of RAI's revenues come from the broadcast licence fee, half from advertising.["Basta con il governo padrone, così cambierà la Tv pubblica" Retrieved on 2007-10-10][" DDL Riforma Rai" Retrieved on 2007-10-10] RAI has a relatively high audience share of 43.55%[::: RAI - Bilancio 2005 ::: Retrieved on 2007-12-29].
RAI broadcasts three main terrestrial channels: Rai Uno, Rai Due and Rai Tre.
History
Origins
RAI started off as a privately owned company. The ''Unione Radiofonica Italiana'' (URI) was formed in 1924 by private entrepreneurs and part of the Marconi Company|Marconi group. Granted a monopoly of radio broadcasts in 1924, ''URI'' made its first broadcast — a Joseph Haydn|Haydn quartet — on the 24 October of that year.
In 1927, URI was renamed ''Ente Italiano Audizioni Radiofoniche'' (EIAR). It survived until 1944 when, under Allies of World War II|Allied pressure, it was reborn as ''Radio Audizioni Italiane'', or RAI. Still a privately owned company, it operated two radio networks: Rete Rossa (red network) and Rete Azzurra (blue network), with Rossa playing more serious music and Azzurra featuring occasional variety shows.
It was not until 1954 that RAI took on its modern form. In this year the state-controlled holding company Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale|IRI became the sole shareholder, and RAI finally began a regular television service. The first day’s schedule featured a report on the opening of RAI’s studio in Milan, sporting events of the day, and an early evening film.
Parts of the early programming was focused on educational content: during the reconstruction following World War II, programs like ''Non è mai troppo tardi'' and ''Un viaggo al Po'' made people see what life was like in other parts of Italy, in a time when tourism was out of the reach of the vast majority of the population.
2000s
A very controversial plan to partly privatization|privatise RAI, by selling 20% of the public broadcaster, was suspended in October 2005.
The fact that the Berlusconi-led government pushed for the sale of Mediaset's public service rival caused a very heated debate, with some critics claiming that Mediaset could become the buyer and thus increase its dominant position even further. However, in October 2005 it was announced that the privatisation plan had been suspended, following the revelation that the company would make a loss of €80m (m, £54m) during 2006. "RAI's privatisation is ''de facto'' suspended", its new director general, Alfredo Meocci, told a parliamentary watchdog committee.[http://www.ofcomwatch.co.uk/2005/11/rai-privatization-stopped][http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4ff81270-474e-11da-b8e5-00000e2511c8.html?nclick_check=1]
Management
RAI is governed by a nine member Administrative Council. Seven of its nine members are elected by a parliamentary committee, the remaining two (one of which the President) are nominated by the largest shareholder: the '''List of Italian Ministers of Economy and Finance|Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance'''. The Council appoints the director-general. Both director-general and members of the administrative council are appointed for a renewable term of three years.
Presidents
International
- Raitalia: broadcasts the best of RAI to International audiences
Discontinued Channels
- RaiSat Album ( 30 June2003)
- RaiSat Art ( 30 June2003)
- RaiSat Fiction ( 30 June2003)
- Rai Azzurri, UEFA Euro 2004 (2004, broadcasted using ''Rai Olimpia / Rai Utile'' frequencies)
- Rai Doc cultures, styles ( 31 May 2007)
- Rai Futura technologies, games, etc.'' ( 1 February 2007, broadcasted on the same frequences of ''Rai Doc'' at settled times)
- Rai Olimpia 2004 Summer Olympics (2004, broadcasted using Rai Utile frequencies)
- Rai Utile ( 1 January 2008)
- Rai Widescreen 1998 FIFA World Cup (1999)
Radio channels
- Rai Radio 1: News/information
- Rai Radio 2: Adult Contemporary
- Rai Radio 3: classical music
- Rai FD4 Leggera: easy listening music, also known as IV Canale
- Rai FD5 Auditorium: classic and opera music, also known as V Canale or Classica
- Rai GR Parlamento: broadcasting the Italian Parliament
- Rai Isoradio: for motorway users
- Rai Sender Bozen (radio)| Rai Sender Bozen: in German language| German, only in the province of Bolzano-Bozen
- Radio Trst A: in Slovenian language| Slovenian, only in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- Notturno Italiano: for the Italian communities in the EU
- Rai Satelradio: International radio service that broadcasts 'best of RAI' abroad.
News
- TG1| TG 1 - Telegiornale Uno
- TG2| TG 2 - Telegiornale Due
- TG3| TG 3 - Telegiornale Tre
- TGR| TG Regionale
- Tagesschau (Bolzano)| Tagesschau (in German language)
- GR 1 ( Radio)
- GR 2 ( Radio)
- GR 3 ( Radio)
- GR Regionale ( Radio, Local)
See also
- List of Italian language television channels
- Digital television in Italy
- List of radio stations in Italy
- Prix Italia
Footnotes
External links
- http://www.rai.it/
- http://www.rai.tv/
- Rai on YouTube
Category:Publicly funded broadcasters
Category:Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana|
Category:Government-owned companies in Italy
Category:Italian brands
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