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Homicide

Homicide (Latin ''homicidium'', ''homo'' human being + ''caedere'' to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being.Nolo Press It can also describe a person who has committed such an act, though this use is rare in modern English. Homicide is not always an illegal act.

Homicidal crimes

Criminal homicide is a malum in se crime, and every legal system contains some form of prohibition or regulation of criminal homicide. Homicidal crimes in some criminal jurisdictions include:
- Murder/murder in English law
    - Felony murder
    - Capital murder
- Manslaughter/manslaughter in English law
    - Voluntary manslaughter
    - Involuntary manslaughter
    - Intoxicating manslaughter
    - Death by dangerous driving
    - Reckless manslaughter
- Criminal Homicide
    - Culpable homicide (in Scots law)
    - Negligent homicide
    - Criminally negligent homicide Many forms of homicide have their own term based on the person being killed.
- Infanticide - Killing of an infant
- Fratricide - Killing of one's brother; in a military context, killing of a friendly combatant
- Sororicide - Killing of one's sister
- Parricide - Killing of either (resp. patricide, matricide) or both of one's parents, or other close person who stands in a somewhat similar relationship
- Patricide - Killing of one's father
- Matricide - Killing of one's mother
- Mariticide - Killing of one's husband
- Uxoricide - Killing of one's wife
- Filicide - Killing of one's child
- Regicide - Killing of a monarch.
- Genocide - Killing of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group

Non-criminal homicide

Homicides do not always involve a crime. Sometimes the law allows homicide by allowing certain Defense (legal)|defenses to criminal charges. One of the most recognized is Self-defense (theory)|self defense, which provides that a person is entitled to commit homicide to protect his or her own life from a deadly attack. Some defenses include:
- Self-defense (theory)
- Insanity defense
- Duress

State-sanctioned homicide

Homicides may also be non-criminal when conducted with the sanction of the state. The most obvious example is capital punishment, in which the state determines that a person should die. Homicides committed during war are usually not subject to criminal prosecution either.

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