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Fédéré

The term ''"'''fédérés'''"'' (sometimes translated to English language|English as "'''federates'''") most commonly refers to the troops who volunteered for the France|French National Guard (France)|National Guard in the summer of 1792 during the French Revolution. The ''fédérés'' of 1792 effected a transformation of the Guard from a constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchist force into a republican revolutionary force. "Fédérés" has several other closely related meanings, also discussed in this article.

The ''fédérés'' of 1790

The term "'''fédérés'''" derives from the ''fête de la Fédération'', the annual celebration during the revolutionary era, celebrated at the Champ de Mars in Paris on the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. The Bastille fell on July 14, 1789. At the first ''fête de la Fédération'' (1790) Talleyrand performed a mass (liturgy)|Mass, Marquis de la Fayette|Lafayette addressed the crowd, and Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI gave a secular sermon. The attendees, known as ''fédérés'', came from all over France and brought the spirit of the revolution back to the provinces.

The ''fédérés'' of 1792

However, the term ''"fédérés"'' as used by historians today almost always refers to the volunteer troops of 1792. The 1792 ''fête'' was of a far more radical nature than that two years earlier, and prefigured the 10th of August (French Revolution)|insurrection on the 10th of August. The Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly had called for a camp outside Paris for 20,000 ''"fédérés"'' to protect the city from the impending invasion of France by the troops of the Prussian Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick|Duke of Brunswick, but the king had vetoed this. Nonetheless, thousands came.

The ''fédérés'' of 1871

The term ''"fédérés"'' was revived during the Paris Commune. The Communards' Wall is known in French as the ''Mur de Fédérés''.

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