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CorrectorA '''corrector''' (English plural ''Correctors'') is a person who or object that practices correction, usually by removing or rectifying errors.
The word is originally a Roman title ''corrector'', derived from the Latin verb ''corrigēre'', meaning "an action to rectify, to make right a wrong."
Apart from the general sense of anyone who corrects mistakes, it has been used as, or part of (some commonly shortened again to Corrector), various specific titles and offices, sometimes quite distant from the original meaning.
Secular offices
Roman Antiquity
A ''corrector'' (Latin plural ''correctores'') originally was an extraordinal official, send by the higher authorities (especially the state, e.g. the Emperor) to check on and take over from lower -especially municipal- officials against whom serious suspicions were pending.
The ''Corrector Provinciae'' was a civilian governor (hierarchically under the Vicarius of an administrative diocese) of certain Roman provinces (or ''eparchies''). Among these ''correctores'', according to the ''Notitia Dignitatum'', around 400 AD, there were:
- in Italia (Roman province)|Italia, under the diocesan Vicarius of Italia Suburbicaria:
- the Corrector ''Apuliae et Calabriae''. His officium, specified, is quite small (Princeps officii, Cornicularius, 2 Tabularii, Commentariensis, Adiutor, Ab actis, Subadiuva; finally unspecified Exceptores and 'other' Cohortalini, i.e menial staff);
- the Corrector ''Lucaniae et Bruttiorum'';
- the Corrector of Savia, in Pannonia (Balkans);
- the Corrector of the Provincia Augustamnica, in Egypt;
- the Corrector of ''Paphlagonia|Paflagonia'', in Asia Minor (Anatolia).
Two famous but extraordinary correctores were Odaenathus and his son Vaballathus.
- When Emperor Valerian (emperor)|Valerian was defeated and captured by the Parthians, in 260, and his successors lacked the strength to fight them back, governor Odaenathus defended the frontier in the East, creating an almost independent state (known as Palmyrene Empire, after its capital Syrian Palmyra), formally still within the Roman Empire, and gained the title of ''corrector totius orientis'' "corrector of the whole East".
- When Odaenathus died, his son requested and obtained, after some years, the same title, but later styled himself ''Augustus'', and Emperor Aurelian went in the East to squash this open rebellion, defeating and capturing Vaballathus and his mother (and behind-the-throne actual ruler) Zenobia.
In various municipia, ''corrector'' became the title of a permanent single chief magistrate — traditionally there had been collegial systems, e.g. two Consules or Duumviri), as a Byzantine 7th century source attests for thirtheen cities in the Egyptian province Augustamnica Prima.
Feudal times
- ''Corrector of the Press''
Ecclesiastic (Catholic) titles
- In the Roman Curia (papal ecclesiastical administration); there is an office of corrector and reviser of the books of the Vatican Library; of the former Tribunal of Correctors, abolished by Pus VII, only a substitute-corrector among the Abbreviatores was maintained
- In the regular order of the Minims it was the style of Superiors at the convent level, and the higher level, all elected; at the central level, the title is ''Corrector General'', and at the level of the province, ''Corrector Provincial''.
- '''Correctores Romani''' was the name of a pontifical commission installed by Gregory XIII, later increased to thirty-five members by Pius V in 1566, which revised the text of the Corpus Iuris Canonici.
Furthermore, the word Corrcetor was used as the title of several publications, some of which are quite famous, such as the 19th book, also known as ''Medicus'', of the Ancient canon law|canons.
The derived term ''correctorium'' has been used for revisions of the text of the Vulgate Bible, begun in 1236 by the Dominicans under the French Cardinal Hugh of St. Cher.
Publishing
- a proofreading|proofreader
Objects
The term is used for various devices used to correct another, as with a ship's compass or artillery.
See also
- Censor (ancient Rome)|censor
- Correctory text-form of the Latin Vulgate resulting from the critical emendation in the thirteenth century
- critic
Sources and references
*
- Notitia dignitatum (one online edition is http://www.intratext.com/X/LAT0212.htm)
- Pauly-Wissowa
- Catholic Encyclopaedia (various entries; more still to be checked, use its search)
Category:Ecclesiastical titles
Category:Gubernatorial titles
Category:Ancient Roman Empire
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Sources: StartLearningNow, Wikipedia | Usage license: GNU FDL
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