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Analysis
Analysis is the process of breaking a Complexity|complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique|technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle, though ''analysis'' as a formal concept is a relatively recent development[Analysis].
The word is a transcription of the ancient Greek language|Greek ''ἀνάλυσις'' (''analusis''), "a breaking up" (from ''ana-'' "up, throughout" and ''lysis'' "a loosening").[Online Etymology Dictionary]
As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Ibn al-Haytham,Use in specific fields
Chemistry
The field of chemistry uses analysis to break down chemical process|chemical processes and examine chemical reaction|chemical reactions between chemical element|elements of chemical matter|matter. For example, analysis of the concentration of elements is important in managing a nuclear reactor, so nuclear scientist|nuclear scientists will analyze neutron activation analysis|neutron activation to develop discrete measurements within vast samples. A Matrix (chemical analysis)|matrix can have a considerable effect on the way a chemical analysis is conducted and the quality of its results. Analysis can be done manually or with a Analyser|device. Chemical analysis is an important element of national security among the great power|major world powers with Materials MASINT|Materials Measurement and Signature Intelligence|Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) capabilities.
Isotopes
Chemists can use isotope|isotopes to assist analysts with issues in anthropology, archeology, food chemistry, forensics, geology, and a host of other questions of physical science. Analysts can discern the origins of natural and man-made isotopes in the study of environmental radioactivity.
Business
- Financial statement analysis, the analysis of the accounts and the economic prospects of a firm
- Fundamental analysis, a stock valuation method that uses financial analysis
- Technical analysis, the study of price action in securities markets in order to forecast future prices
- Business analysis, involves identifying the needs and determining the solutions to business problems
- Price Analysis, involves the breakdown of a price to a unit figure
- Market analysis, consists of suppliers and customers, and price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand
Computer Science
- Competitive analysis (online algorithm), shows how online algorithms perform and demonstrates the power of randomization in algorithms
- Lexical analysis, the process of processing an input sequence of characters and producing as output a sequence of symbols
- Object-oriented analysis and design, à la Booch_method|Booch
- Program analysis (computer science), the process of automatically analysing the behavior of computer programs
- Semantic analysis (computer science), a pass by a compiler that adds semantical information to the parse tree and performs certain checks
- Static code analysis, the analysis of computer software that is performed without actually executing programs built from that software
- Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology, à la Yourdon
- Syntax analysis, a process in compilers that recognizes the structure of programming languages, also known as parsing
- Worst-case execution time, determines the longest time that a piece of software can take to run
Economics
- Agroecosystem analysis
- Input-output model if applied to a region, is called Regional Impact Multiplier System
- Principal components analysis, a technique that can be used to simplify a dataset
Engineering
Analysts in the field of engineering look at structural analysis|structures, mechanisms, systems analysis|systems and dimensional analysis|dimensions. Electrical engineering|Electrical engineers analysis of system analysis|systems in electronics. Life cycle cost analysis|Life cycles and Accident analysis|system failures are broken down and studied by engineers.
Intelligence
The field of intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence employs analysts to break down and understand a wide array of questions. Intelligence agency|Intelligence agencies may use heuristics, inductive reasoning|inductive and deductive reasoning, social network analysis, dynamic network analysis, link analysis, and brainstorming to sort through problems they face. Military intelligence may explore issues through the use of game theory, Red Team|Red Teaming, and military simulation|wargaming. Signals intelligence applies cryptanalysis and frequency analysis to break Code (cryptography)|codes and cipher|ciphers. Business intelligence applies theories of competitive intelligence|competitive intelligence analysis and competitor analysis to resolve questions in the marketplace. Police|Law enforcement intelligence applies a number of theories in crime analysis.
Linguistics
Linguistics began with the analysis of Ashtadhyayi|Sanskrit and Tolkāppiyam|Tamil; today it looks at individual languages and language in general. It breaks language down and analyses its component parts: theoretical linguistics|theory, phonology|sounds and their meaning, pragmatics|utterance usage, morphology (linguistics)|word origins, the etymology|history of words, the meaning of lexical semantics|words and phraseology|word combinations, syntax|sentence construction, Discourse analysis|basic construction beyond the sentence level, stylistics (linguistics)|stylistics, and Conversation analysis|conversation. It examines the above using Computational linguistics|statistics and modeling, and Semantic analysis (linguistics)|semantics. It analyses language in context of Anthropological linguistics|anthropology, biolinguistics|biology, evolutionary linguistics|evolution, language geography|geography, historical linguistics|history, neurolinguistics|neurology, psycholinguistics|psychology, and sociolinguistics|sociology. It also takes the applied linguistics|applied approach, looking at developmental linguistics|individual language development and clinical linguistics|clinical issues.
Literature
Literary theory is the analysis of literature. Some say that literary criticism is a subset of literary theory. The focus can be as diverse as the analysis of Analysis (Homer)|Homer or Psychoanalytic literary criticism|Freud. This is mainly to do with the breaking up of a topic to make it easier to understand.
Mathematics
Mathematical analysis can be applied in the study of classical mathematics|classical concepts of real analysis|real numbers, such as the complex analysis|complex variables, Fourier analysis|trigonometric functions, and numerical analysis|algorithms, or of non-classical analysis|non-classical concepts like constructivist analysis|constructivism, harmonic analysis|harmonics, Non-standard analysis|infinity, and Functional analysis|vectors.
Music
- Musical analysis, a process attempting to answer the question "How does this music work?"
- Schenkerian analysis
Philosophy
- Philosophical analysis, a general term for the techniques used by philosophers
- ''Analysis (journal)|Analysis'' is the name of a prominent journal in philosophy.
Psychotherapy
- Psychoanalysis, seeks to elucidate connections among unconscious components of patients' mental processes
- Transactional analysis
Signal processing
- Finite element analysis, a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis
- Independent component analysis
- Link quality analysis, the analysis of signal quality
- Path quality analysis
Statistics
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA), a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures which compare means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts
- Meta-analysis, combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses
- Time-series analysis, methods that attempt to understand a sequence of data points spaced apart at uniform time intervals
Other
- Aura analysis, a technique in which supporters of the method claim that the body's aura, or energy field is analysed
- Bowling analysis, a notation summarizing a cricket bowler's performance
- Lithic analysis, the analysis of stone tools using basic scientific techniques
- Protocol analysis, a means for extracting persons' thoughts while they are performing a task
See also
- portal:thinking#Topics related to Thinking|List of thinking-related topics
- Scientific method
References
Category:Critical thinking
Category:Greek loanwords
Category:Thought
Category:Research methods
Category:Analysis
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