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Protoscience

Protoscience refers to historical philosophical disciplines which existed prior to the development of scientific method, which allowed them to develop into science proper (see ''':wikt:prescientific|prescientific'''). A standard example is that of alchemy which later became chemistry, or that of astrology, part of which later became astronomy. By extension, "protoscience" may be used in reference to any "set of beliefs or theories that have not yet been tested adequately by the scientific method but which are otherwise consistent with existing science, being a new science working to establish itself as legitimate science".Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English, Preview Edition (v 0.9.7) Lexico Publishing Group, LLC

List of examples

- Babylonian astronomy
- Hellenistic astronomy
- Indian astronomy
- Vedanta
- Alchemy
- Renaissance magic

Footnotes

- H Holcomb, ''Moving Beyond Just-So Stories: Evolutionary Psychology as Protoscience''. Skeptic Magazine, 1996.
- D Hartmann, ''Protoscience and Reconstruction''. Journal of General Philosophy of Science, 1996.
- R Tuomela, ''Science, Protoscience and Pseudoscience''. Rational Changes in Science.
- JA Campbell, ''On artificial intelligence''. Artificial Intelligence Review, 1986.
- G Kennedy, ''Psychoanalysis: Protoscience and Metapsychology''. 1959.
- AC Maffei, ''Psychoanalysis: Protoscience Or Science?''. 1969.
- N Psarros, ''The Constructive Approach to the Philosophy of Chemistry''. Epistemologia, 1995.

External links

- Protoscience Wikicity
- Questions to help distinguish a pseudoscience from a protoscience Category:Pseudoscience Category:Scientific method

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Sources: StartLearningNow, Wikipedia | Usage license: GNU FDL

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