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Scarecrow

A '''scarecrow''' is a device, traditionally a human figure dressed in old clothes, or mannequin, that is used to discourage birds such as crows from disturbing crops.Lesley Brown (ed.). (2007). "Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles". 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-9233243. Not only do crows feed on recently cast seed, they also gather nightly, starting with groups of a half dozen which then unite to form a group of 20 to 30 and so on until the flock is quite large and noisy. It is their habit to return to the same place each night.

History

In the Japanese mythology compiled in ''Kojiki'' in 712, a scarecrow appears as a deity, Kuebiko, who cannot walk, but knows everything of the world. The 1881 ''Household Cyclopedia|Household Cyclopedia of General Information'' gives the following advice: Crows can be a substantial problem for gardens in the springtime: they can work down a row pulling up recently sprouted corn to eat the remaining seed/seedlings. In the southern Appalachians another common method of scaring off crows was use of a dead crow hung upside down from a pole. Modern scarecrows seldom take a human shape. On California farmland, highly reflective aluminized PET film (biaxially oriented)|PET film ribbons are tied to the plants to create shimmers from the sun. Another approach are automatic noise guns powered with propane gas.

Other names for scarecrows

In the United Kingdom, where the use of scarecrows as a protector of crops dates from time immemorial, and where dialects were rife, there are a wide range of alternative names such as:
- '''Mommet''' (Somerset)
- '''Murmet''' (Devon)
- '''Hodmedod''' (Berkshire)
- '''Tattie bogle''' Warrack, Alexander (1982). "Chambers Scots Dictionary". Chambers. ISBN 0-550-11801-2.(Scotland), '''Bodach-rocais''' (lit. "old man of the rooks")
- '''Bwbach''' (Wales)

Cultural impact

The impact of the scarecrow extends beyond its immediate utilitarian function. Scarecrows feature in literature and in festivals. In the 1719 novel ''Robinson Crusoe'', by Daniel Defoe, the main character attempts to keep birds from eating his newly sowed corn stalks. As a discouragement, he shoots several of the birds and then hangs them in rows, such as English prisoners. The remaining birds are so frightened that they refuse to even remain in the area. While not the modern idea of a scarecrow, Crusoe does remark, "...I could never see a bird near the place as long as my scarecrows hung there." (''Crusoe'' is generally thought of as the first English novel to use the term and it is possible that the term owes its popularity to this appearance.) Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story ''Feathertop'' is about a scarecrow created and brought to life in seventeenth century Salem, Massachusetts by a witch in league with the devil. He is intended to be used for sinister purposes and at first believes himself to be human, but develops human feelings and deliberately cuts his own life short when he realizes what he really is. The basic framework of the story was used by American dramatist Percy MacKaye in his 1908 play ''The Scarecrow (play)|The Scarecrow''. "Scarecrow" is the callsign of Captain Shane Schofield|Shane M. Schofield who appears in ''Ice Station'', ''Area 7 (novel)|Area 7'', ''Scarecrow (novel)|Scarecrow'' and ''Hell Island (novella)|Hell Island'' by Australian author Matthew Reilly (writer)|Matthew Reilley. L. Frank Baum's tale ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', has a scarecrow as one of the main protagonists. Scarecrow (Oz)|The Scarecrow of Oz was searching for brains from the Great Wizard. In the 1939 film ''The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz'' The Scarecrow of Oz was portrayed by Ray Bolger. In the 1914 film ''His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz'' the Scarecrow of Oz was portrayed by Frank Moore. Worzel Gummidge, a scarecrow who came to life in a friendly form, first appeared in series of novels by Barbara Euphan Todd in the 1930s, and later in a popular television adaptation. In the '''Comic book''' genre, Scarecrow (comics)|The Scarecrow is a character in the DC Comics universe. He is a classic Batman villain. Similar characters, known as Scarecrow (Marvel Comics)|Scarecrow and Straw Man (comics)|Straw Man, appear in the Marvel Comics universe. In '''music''', British band Pink Floyd recorded a song called "The Scarecrow (Pink Floyd song)|The Scarecrow" for their debut album, ''The Piper at the Gates of Dawn'', while Southern hip hop|Southern horrorcore rapper Boondox's stage act incorporates scarecrow imagery.

Scarecrow Festivals

In the UK, the festival at Wray, Lancashire was established in the early 1990s and continues to the present day. In the village of Orton, Eden, scarecrows are displayed each year, often using topical themes such as a Dalek exterminating a Wind turbine to represent local opposition to a wind farm. Norland, West Yorkshire has a festival. Tetford and Salmonby jointly host one. In Teesdale, the villages of Cotherstone, Staindrop and Middleton-in-Teesdale have annual scarecrow festivals. In dymchurch on romney marsh a man dressed as the scarecrow rode down the street anually since 1964 in celebration of local author Russel Thorndike's Dr Syn books. however this year (2008) health and saftey made him walk. In August 2004 a scarecrow dressed as a police woman was stolen from Middleton-in-Teesdale by staff at Loaded magazine who appointed it as guest editor for one issue. In the USA, St. Charles, Illinois hosts an annual

References

External links

- British history of the scarecrow
- Photo of a crow trap in Australia
- A typical English scarecrow made of discarded clothing

Bibliography

Scarecrow Fact and Fable, Peter Haining, 1986 Category:Bird pest control nds-nl:Aarteschuw

Related Images

- Unsuccessful scarecrow
- Korean scarecrows

Sources: StartLearningNow, Wikipedia | Usage license: GNU FDL

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