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ParticularIn philosophy, '''particulars''' are concrete entitles exsiting in space and time as opposed to abstractions. There are, however, theories of ''abstract particulars'' or ''Trope (philosophy)|tropes''. For example, Socrates is a particular (there's only one Socrates-the-teacher-of-Plato and one cannot make copies of him, e.g., by cloning him, without introducing new, distinct particulars). Redness, by contrast, is not a particular, because it is abstract and multiply-instantiated (my bicycle, this apple, and that woman's hair are all red).
Sybil Wolfram[Sybil Wolfram, Philosophical Logic, Routledge, London and New Youk, 1989, ISBN 0 415 02317 3, page 55] writes
Particulars include only individuals of a certain kind: as a first approximation individuals with a definite place in space and time, such as persons and material objects or events, or which must be identified through such individuals, like smiles or thoughts.
Some terms are used by philosophers with a rough-and-ready idea of their meaning. This can occur if there lack of agreement about the best definition of the term. In formulating a solution to the problem of universals, the term 'particular' can be used to describe the ''particular'' instance of redness of a certain apple as opposed to the 'universal' 'redness' (being Abstraction|abstract). See also type-token distinction
Category:Metaphysics
Category:philosophy
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