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Mafikeng
Mafikeng (previously ''Mafeking''), "The City of Goodwill"[http://www.mafikeng.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=2], is the capital of the North West Province|North-West Province of South Africa. Located on South Africa's border with Botswana, it is northeast of Cape Town and west of Johannesburg. In 2001, it had a population of 49,300. In 2007, Mafikeng was reported to have a population of 250,000 of which the CBD constitutes between 69,000 and 75,000. It is built on the open veld at an elevation of , by the banks of the Upper Molopo River. The Madibi goldfields are some south of the town.
Mafikeng was originally headquarters of the Barolong tribe of Bechuana. The town was founded in the 1880s by British mercenaries granted land by a Barolong chief. The settlement was named Mafikeng, a local Tswana word meaning "place of stones". Later British settlers spelt the name '''Mafeking'''. It was from Pitsani Pothlugo (or Potlogo), north of Mafeking, that the Jameson Raid started, on December 29, 1895.
On the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899, the town was besieged. The Siege of Mafeking lasted 217 days from October 1899 to May 1900, and turned Robert Baden-Powell into a national hero. In September 1904, Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts unveiled an obelisk at Mafeking bearing the names of those who fell in defence of the town. In all, 212 people were killed during the siege, with more than 600 wounded. Boer losses were significantly higher.
Mafikeng served as capital of the Bechuanaland Protectorate even though it was outside the protectorate's borders from 1894 until 1965, when Gaborone was made the capital of what was to become Botswana.
Mafeking briefly served as capital of the pre-independence Bantustan|black homeland of Bophuthatswana in the 1970s before the adjoining town of Mmabatho was established as capital. In 1980 the spelling Mafikeng was restored and following the end of apartheid in 1994, Mafikeng and Mmabatho were merged and made capital of the new North West Province|North-West Province.
Economy
Mafikeng has five shopping complexes, 11 banks and the head offices of many provincial institutions.External links
- Mafikeng Local Municipality www.mafikeng.gov.za
- McGonagall on the Relief of Mafeking William McGonagall's poem and a brief history of the siege.
Category:Cities, towns and villages in the North West Province
Category:Settlements established in the 1880s
Category:Mafikeng|
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