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1899
Year '''1899''' ('''Roman numerals|MDCCCXCIX''') was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [
"Calendar in year 1899 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage:
Julian-1899
(Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).
]
of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
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Although this year is often held to be the last of the nineteenth century, 1900 is technically the last year according to the "traditional" reckoning.
Events of 1899
January - March
- January 1
- Spain|Spanish rule ends in Cuba.
- Queens and Staten Island, New York|Staten Island merge with New York City.
- January 6 - George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India.
- January 10 - The Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity is founded at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois.
- January 17 - The United States takes possession of Wake Island.
- January 19 - Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed.
- January 20 - South University is founded.
- January 21 - Opel Motors opens for business.
- January 22 - The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.
- February 2 - The Australian Premiers' Conference held in Melbourne agrees that Australia's capital (Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
- February 4 - The Philippine-American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
- February 6 - Spanish-American War: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate.
- February 12-February 14|14 - Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida. It is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.
- February 14 - Voting machines are approved by the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
- February 16 - Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur (the first football club in Iceland). is established.
- March 1 - In 1899 in Afghanistan|Afghanistan, Capt. George Roos-Keppel makes a sudden attack on a predatory band of Chamkannis that have been raiding in the Kurram Valley, and captures 100 prisoners with 3,000 head of cattle.
- March 2 - In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established.
- March 4 - Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland. A 12 m wave reaches up to 5 km inland, leaving over 400 dead.
- March 6
- Felix Hoffmann patents aspirin.
- ''Bayer'' registers aspirin as a trademark.
- March 8 - The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (prequel for Eintracht Frankfurt) is founded.
- March 20 - At Sing Sing (prison)|Sing Sing, Martha M. Place becomes the first woman executed in an electric chair.
- March 24 - George Dewey is made Admiral of the Navy (United States)|Admiral of the Navy.
April - June
- June 12 - A New Richmond Tornado|tornado completely destroys the town of New Richmond, Wisconsin, killing 117 and injuring more than 200.
- June 22 – June 27 - The highest ever recorded individual cricket score, 628 not out, is made by A. E. J. Collins.
- June 25 - Three Denver, Colorado newspapers publish a story (later proved to be a fabrication) that the Chinese government under the Guangxu Emperor is going to demolish the Great Wall of China.
- June 27 - The paperclip is patented by Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor.[Inventors: Paperclip]
- June 30 - ''Mile-a-Minute Murphy'' earns his famous nickname this day, after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for one mile in under a minute on Long Island.
July - September
- July 17
- America's first juvenile court is established in Chicago.
- NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
- Battle of Togbao: The France|French Henri Bretonnet|Bretonnet-Solomon Braun|Braun mission is destroyed in Chad, by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr.
- July 19 - The Newsboys Strike takes place when the Newsies of New York go on strike (strike lasts until August 2).
- July 29 - The first Peace Conference ends with the signing of the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)|Hague Convention.
- August 3 - The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
- August 17 - A 1899 Hurricane San Ciriaco|hurricane makes landfall in North Carolina's Outer Banks, completely destroying the town of Diamond City.
- August 28 - At least 512 are killed when a debris hill from the Sumitomo Besshi copper mine at Niihama, Shikoku, Japan, collapses after heavy rain; 122 houses, a smelting factory, hospital and many other facilities are destroyed.
- September 13 - Halford Mackinder|Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m - 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
- September 19 - Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned.
October - December
- October 11 - The Second Boer War: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
- October 30 - The Augusta High School Building is completed in Augusta, Kentucky; Augusta Methodist College shuts down.
- November 4 - The Alpha Sigma Tau Sorority is founded in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
- November 8 - The Bronx Zoo opens in New York City.
- November 29 - The F.C. Barcelona football club is founded.
- December 2 -
- Philippine-American War - Battle of Tirad Pass: ("The Filipino Thermopylae") General Gregorio del Pilar and his troops are able to guard the retreat of Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo before being wiped out.
- During the new moon, a near-grand conjunction (astronomy and astrology)|conjunction of the naked-eye planet|classical planets and several binoculars|binocular Solar System bodies occur. The Sun, Moon, Mercury (planet)|Mercury, Mars and Saturn are all within 15° of each other, with Venus 5° ahead of this conjunction and Jupiter 15° behind. Accompanying the classical planets in this grand conjunction are Uranus (technically visible unaided in air pollution|pollution-free skies), Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres and 2 Pallas|Pallas.
- December 16
- The A.C. Milan is founded.
- Augusta, KY: Augusta High School burns down due to a heating plant failure.
- December 26 - Second Boer War - Battle of Mafeking: The British inflict a crushing defeat on the Boers.
- December 31 - A large standing stone at Stonehenge falls over, the most recent time this has happened.
Undated
- David Hilbert creates the modern concept of geometry with the publication of his book ''Grundlagen der geometrie''.
- The International Council of Nurses is founded.
- The significance of Chinese oracle bones is discovered.
- The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the town of Manteo, North Carolina|Manteo, which was originally laid out as the Dare County, North Carolina|Dare county seat in 1870.
- Gold is discovered in Nome, Alaska.
- The Germany|German Trade Union Congress recognizes Collective bargaining.
- Japan gets the right of extraterritoriality.
Births
January - March
- January 1 - Jack Beresford, British Olympic rower (d. 1977)
- January 6 - Heinrich Nordhoff, German automotive engineer (d. 1968)
- January 7 - Francis Poulenc, French composer (d. 1963)
- January 11 - Eva LeGallienne, English actress (d. 1991)
- January 12 - Paul Hermann Muller|Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1965)
- January 14 - Carlos Romulo, Filipino diplomat (d. 1985)
- January 15 - Goodman Ace, American actor, comedian, and writer (d. 1982)
- January 17
- Al Capone, American gangster (d. 1947)
- Nevil Shute, English author (d. 1960)
- January 20 - Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese television development pioneer (d. 1990)
- January 21 - John Bodkin Adams|Dr John Bodkin Adams, suspected British serial killer (d. 1983)
- January 30 - Max Theiler, South African virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
- February 3
- Doris Speed, British actress (d. 1994)
- Lao She, Chinese author (d. 1966)
- February 6 - Ramón Novarro, Mexican actor (d. 1968)
- February 7 - Earl Whitehill, American baseball player (d. 1954)
- February 15
- Georges Auric, French composer (d. 1983)
- Gale Sondergaard, American actress (d. 1985)
- February 17 - Leo Najo, American baseball player (d. 1978)
- February 22
- George O'Hara (actor)|George O'Hara, American actor (d. 1966)
- Dechko Uzunov, Bulgarian painter (d. 1986)
- Ian Clunies Ross, Australian scientist (d. 1959)
- February 23 - Erich Kästner, German writer (d. 1974)
- February 26
- Alec Campbell, Australian WWI soldier, last Australian Gallipoli veteran (d. 2002)
- Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1994)
- February 27 - Charles Best, Canadian medical scientist (d. 1978)
- March 11 - King Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
- March 13 - John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
- March 18 - Jean Goldkette, French-born musician (d. 1962)
- March 24 - Dorothy C. Stratton, American director of the SPARS during World War II (d. 2006)
- March 27 - Gloria Swanson, American actress (d. 1983)
- March 28 - Harold B. Lee, eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1973)
- March 29 - Lavrenty Beria, Soviet official (d. 1953)
April - June
- April 1 - Gustavs Celmins, Latvian fascist leader (d. 1968)
- April 7 - Robert Casadesus, French pianist (d. 1972)
- April 16 - Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist (d. 1988)
- April 21 - Percy Lavon Julian, American scientist (d. 1975)
- April 22 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer (d. 1977)
- April 23 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- April 24 - Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (d. 1986)
- April 27 - Walter Lantz, American animator (d. 1994)
- April 29 - Duke Ellington, American jazz musician, bandleader (d. 1974)
- May 8 - Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
- May 10
- Fred Astaire, American singer, dancer, and actor (d. 1987)
- Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (d. 1979)
- May 12 - Indra Devi, Baltic-born yogi and actress (d. 2002)
- May 15 - Jean-Etienne Valluy, French general (d. 1970)
- May 24 - Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (d. 1938)
- June 1 - Edward Charles Titchmarsh, British mathematician (d. 1963)
- June 2 - Lotte Reiniger, German-born silhouette animator (d. 1981)
- June 3 - Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
- June 12 - Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
- June 13 - Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (d. 1978)
- June 14 - Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
- June 26 - Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
- June 27 - Juan Trippe, American airline entrepreneur and pioneer (d. 1981)
- June 30 - Harry Shields, American jazz clarinettist (d. 1971)
July - September
- July 5 - Marcel Achard, French play and scriptwriter (d. 1974)
- July 7 - George Cukor, American film director (d. 1983)
- July 10 - John Gilbert (actor)|John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
- July 11 - E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
- July 15 - Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1971)
- July 17 - James Cagney, American actor (d. 1986)
- July 21
- Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
- Ernest Hemingway, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- July 22 - King Sobhuza II of Swaziland (d. 1982)
- July 29 - Walter Beall, American baseball player (d. 1959)
- August 4 - Ezra Taft Benson, thirteenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1994)
- August 13 - Alfred Hitchcock, British film director (d. 1980)
- August 24
- Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (d. 1986)
- Albert Claude, Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1983)
- August 29 -
- Lyman Lemnitzer, American general (d. 1988)
- Rufino Tamayo, Mexican painter (d. 1991)
- August 30 - Ray Arcel, American boxing trainer (d. 1994)
- September 1 - Andrei Platonovich Klimentov, Russian-born Soviet writer (d. 1951)
- September 3 - Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
- September 9
- Brassaï, French photographer (d. 1984)
- Waite Hoyt, American baseball player (d. 1984)
- September 13 - Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
- September 17 - Harold Bennett, British actor (d. 1981)
- September 21 - Frederick Coutts, 8th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1986)
- September 28 - Boris Efimov, Russian political cartoonist (d. 2008)
October - December
- October 1 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
- October 3 - Gertrude Berg, American actress (d. 1966)
- October 5 - Georg, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1963)
- October 19 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- October 20 - Evelyn Brent, American actress (d. 1975)
- November 15
- Avdy Andresson, Estonian Minister of War in Exile (d. 1990)
- Iskander Mirza, first President of Pakistan (d. 1969)
- November 17 - Douglas Shearer, American film sound engineer (d. 1971)
- November 18 - Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (d. 1985)
- November 21 - Jobyna Ralston, American actress (d. 1967)
- December 2
- John Barbirolli, English conductor (d. 1970)
- Ray Morehart, American baseball player (d. 1989)
- December 3 - Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1965)
- December 9 - Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (d. 1937)
- December 15 - Harold Abrahams, British athlete (d. 1978)
- December 16 - Noel Coward, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1973)
- December 18 - Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian author and philosopher (d. 1990)
- December 25 - Humphrey Bogart, American actor (d. 1957)
- December 28 - Eugeniusz Bodo, Polish actor (d. 1943)
- December 29 - Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Communist military leader (d. 1992)
- ''date unknown'' - Friedrich Panse, German psychiatrist (d. 1973)
Deaths
January - June
- January 16 - Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, President of the First Spanish Republic (b. 1832)
- January 23 - Romualdo Pacheco, Governor of California (b. 1831)
- January 31 - Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma, Princess-consort of Bulgaria (b. 1870)
- February 6
- Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1831)
- Prince Prince Alfred of Edinburgh|Alfred of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (b. 1874)
- February 16 - Félix Faure, President of France (b. 1841)
- February 25 - Paul Julius Reuter, German-born news agency founder (b. 1816)
- March 3 - William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
- March 6 - Princess Kaiulani, last monarch of Hawaii (b. 1875)
- April 5 - T. E. Ellis, Welsh politician (b. 1859)
- April 7 - Pieter Rijke, Dutch physicist (b. 1812)
- April 16 - Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet and revolutionary (b. 1875)
- May 24 - William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher, British law lord (b. 1817)
- June 3 - Johann Strauss II|Johann Strauss, Jr., Austrian composer (b. 1825)
- June 4 - Eugenio Beltrami, Italian mathematician (b. 1835)
- June 10 - Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)
July - December
- July 18 - Horatio Alger, Jr., American writer (b. 1832)
- July 21 - Robert G. Ingersoll, American politician (b. 1833)
- July 27 - Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa, German chess-master (b. 1818)
- August 16 - Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist (b. 1811)
- September 12 - Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (b. 1843)
- September 17 - Charles Alfred Pillsbury, American industrialist (b. 1842)
- October 2 - Percy Pilcher, British aviation pioneer & glider pilot (b. 1866)
- October 30 - William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1816)
- November 16
- Vincas Kudirka, Lithuanian doctor, poet, and national hero (b. 1858)
- Julius Hermann Moritz Busch, German publicist (b. 1821)
- November 21 - Garret A. Hobart, Vice President of the United States (b. 1844)
- November 23 - Thomas Henry Ismay, British owner of the White Star Line (b. 1837)
- November 24 - Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Sudanese political and religious leader (killed in battle) (b. 1846)
- December 2 - Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (killed in battle) (b. 1875)
- December 10 - King Ngwane V of Swaziland (b. 1876)
- December 22 - Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (b. 1837)
Notes
Category:1899|
zh-min-nan:1899 nî
map-bms:1899
be-x-old:1899
simple:1899
zh-yue:1899年
cbk-zam:1899
bat-smg:1899
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