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European Terrestrial Reference System 1989
The '''European Terrestrial Reference System 1989''' ('''ETRS89''') is a ECEF (Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed) geodesy|geodetic Cartesian coordinate system|Cartesian reference frame, in which the Eurasian Plate as a whole is static. The coordinates and maps in Europe based on '''ETRS89''' are not subject to change due to the continental drift.
The development of '''ETRS89''' is related to the global International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS geodetic datum, in which the representation of the continental drift is balanced in such a way that the total apparent angular momentum of continental plates is about 0. '''ETRS89''' was officially born at the 1990 Firenze meeting of Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe|EUREF, following its Resolution 1, which recommends that the terrestrial reference system to be adopted by Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe|EUREF will be coincident with International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian Plate. According to the resolution, this system was named '''European Terrestrial Reference System 89 (ETRS89)'''. Since then '''ETRS89''' and International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS diverge due to the continental drift at a speed about 2.5 Centimetre|cm per year. By the year 2000 the two coordinate systems differed by about 25 Centimetre|cm [GPS and Positioning Services FAQ, Q1, UK Ordnance Survey, accessed 2007-11-25].
It should be clear that the '''89''' in its name is not the year of solution (realization), but a year of initial definition, a year when '''ETRS89''' was fully equivalent to International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS. The solutions of '''ETRS89''' correspond to the International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS solutions. For each International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS solution, a matching '''ETRS89''' solution is being made. ETRF2000, for example, is an '''ETRS89''' solution, which corresponds to ITRF2000. '''ETRS89''' is realized by Regional Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe|EUREF through the maintenance of the EUREF Permanent Network|EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) and continuous processing of the EUREF Permanent Network|EPN data in a few processing centres. Users have access to '''ETRS89''' via EUREF Permanent Network|EPN data products and real-time streams of differential corrections from a set of public providers based on the EUREF Permanent Network|EPN stations.
The transformation from '''ETRS89''' to International Terrestrial Reference System|ITRS is time-dependent and was formulated by C. Boucher and Z. Altamimi [C. Boucher, Z. Altamimi. Specifications for reference frame fixing in the analysis of a EUREF GPS campaign. Unpublished Memo ][T. Soler, J. Marshall. A note on frame transformations with applications to geodetic datums.
GPS Solutions, '''7''', 1, 2003, pp. 23-32.]
ETRS89 is the European Union|EU-recommended frame of reference for geodata for Europe. It is the only geodetic datum to be used for mapping and surveying purposes in Europe.
It plays the same role for Europe as NAD-83 for North America. (NAD-83 is a datum in which the North American Plate as a whole is static, and which is used for mapping and surveying in the US, Canada, and Mexico.) '''ETRS89''', as well as World Geodetic System 1984|WGS-84 and NAD-83, is based on the GRS80 reference ellipsoid|ellipsoid.
See also
- WGS 84
- ED50
References
External links
- ETRS89 site
- Information from the Ordnance Survey of Ireland
Category:Orientation
Category:Geodesy
Category:Geographic coordinate systems
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Sources: StartLearningNow, Wikipedia | Usage license: GNU FDL
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