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Chaeronea'''Chaeronea''' () is a municipality in the Boeotia Prefecture, Greece. Population 2,218 (2001). It is located in the Kifisós River valley and NW of Thebes. It is the last city of historical Boiotia before the border with Phokis.
First settled in the Prehistoric period at the site now known as Magoula Balomenou, Chaeronea was subject to Orchomenus (Boeotia)|Orchomenus which was, beginning in 600 BCE, a member of the Boeotian League. In the late 5th century BCE, Chaironeia belonged to one of the 11 Boeotian districts. In 338 BCE, Chaeronea was the site of a battle fought by Philip II of Macedon against a coalition of Greek states; during the battle, the elite unit of soldiers known as the Sacred Band of Thebes was wiped out completely (See Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea). In 1818, the so-called Lion of Chaeronea, a nearly 20-foot tall funerary monument erected in honor of the Sacred Band, was rediscovered by English travellers. The fragmentary monument was reassembled and installed atop a pedestal at the site of its discovery. The ancient biographer and essayist Plutarch was born in Chaeronea, and several times refers to these and other facts about his native place in his writings.
In 86 BCE Archelaus, a general of Mithridates VI of Pontus, landed in Boetia. He was met by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla near Chaeronea and in Battle of Chaeronea (86 BC)|the ensuing battle Archelaus was defeated.
The site of the Theban mass grave was excavated in 1879-80 by P. Stamatakis, and the prehistoric site of Magoula Balamenou 23 years later by the archaeologist G. Soteriadis.
Category:Boeotia
Category:Cities and towns in Greece
Category:Ancient Greek cities
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