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1915
Year '''1915''' ('''Roman numerals|MCMXV''') was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[
"Calendar in year 1915 (Russia)" (Julian calendar), webpage:
Julian-1915 (Romania used Julian in 1919, when Russia adopted Gregorian).
] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1915
January
- January - While working as a cook at New York's Sloan Hospital under an assumed name, ''Typhoid Mary'' infects 25 people, and is placed in quarantine for life.
- January 1 - World War I: The battleship HMS Formidable (1898)|HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, by a Germany|German U-Boat.
- January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress.
- January 12 - The United States House of Representatives rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote.
- January 13 - An earthquake (6.8 in Richter scale) in Avezzano, Italy, kills more than 29,000.
- January 19 - Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
- January 19 - German zeppelins bomb the cities of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in the United Kingdom for the first time, killing more than 20.
- January 21 - Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit, Michigan.
- January 28 - An act of the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress designates the United States Coast Guard, begun in 1790, as a military branch.
- January 31 - World War I: Germany uses poison gas against the Russians.
February
- February 8 - The controversial film ''The Birth of a Nation'' by D.W. Griffith premieres in Los Angeles, California.
- February 12 - In Washington, D.C. the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
- February 20 - In San Francisco, CA the Panama-Pacific International Exposition is opened.
March
- March to October - The 1915 locust plague breaks out in Palestine.
- March 3 - National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics|NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded.
- March 14 - World War I: Off the coast of Chile, the Royal Navy forces the German light cruiser SMS Dresden (1907)|SMS ''Dresden'' to scuttle.
- March 14 - United Kingdom|Britain, France and Russia agree to give Constantinople and the Bosporus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik Revolution).
- March 18 - World War I: A United Kingdom|British attack on the Dardanelles fails.
- March 19 - Pluto (planet)|Pluto is photographed for the first time but is not recognized as a planet.
- March 25 - The United States|U.S. submarine F-4 sinks off Hawaii; 21 are killed.
- March 28 - The first Roman Catholic Liturgy is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland (archbishop)|John Ireland at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota)|Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
April
- April 13 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa attacks Alvaro Obregon's troops in Celaya, but his troops are no match against Obregon's barbed wire and machine guns.
- April 22 - World War I - Second Battle of Ypres: Germany|German troops introduce poison gas at Ypres, Belgium.
- April 24 - The Ottoman Empire arrests hundreds of Armenians|Armenian intellectuals. Armenians mark this as the start of the Armenian Genocide.
- April 25 - The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps|ANZAC tradition begins during World War I with a landing at Gallipoli on the Turkey|Turkish coast.
- April 25 - The Great Fire of Reykjavík, Iceland's Capital (political)|capital, breaks out.
- April 30 - The Australian submarine AE2 is sunk in Sea of Marmara.
May
- May 3 - John McCrae writes ''In Flanders Fields''.
- May 5 - World War I: Turkey|The Turks begin shelling Anzac Cove from a new position behind their lines.
- May 6 - Babe Ruth hits his first career home run off of Jack Warhop.
- May 7 - World War I: The RMS Lusitania|RMS ''Lusitania'' is sunk by a Germany|German U-boat, killing 1,198.
- May 9 - World War I - Second Battle of Artois: Germany|German and France|French forces fight to a standstill.
- May 17 - The last purely Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends when Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith forms an all party coalition.
- May 22 - The Quintinshill railway disaster in Scotland leaves 200 dead.
- May 23 - World War I: Italy joins the Allies after they declare war on Austria-Hungary.
- May 29 - Teófilo Braga becomes president of Portugal.
June
- June 3 - Mexican Revolution: Troops of Obregon and Villa clash at León, Guanajuato|León: Obregon loses his right arm in grenade attack but Villa is decisively defeated.
- June 9 - U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the RMS Lusitania|RMS ''Lusitania'' sinking.
- June 16 - The British Women's Institute is founded.
July
- July 7 - An extremely overloaded Great Gorge and International Railway tram|trolley with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 casualties.
- July 24 - The steamer ''Eastland'' capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 845 lives.
- July 28 - The United States occupation of Haiti (1915-1934)|United States occupation of Haiti begins.
August
- August 5-August 23 - Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans leaves 275 dead.
- August 6 - World War I - Battle of Sari Bair: The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
- August 16 - The Entente promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austro-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy; Bosnia and Herzegovina; and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).
- August 17 - Jewish American Leo Frank is lynching|lynched for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in Atlanta, Georgia.
- August 31 - Jimmy Lavender of the Chicago Cubs pitches a no hitter against the San Francisco Giants|New York Giants.
September
- September 6 - The first prototype tank is tested for the British Army for the first time.
- September 7 - Former cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his ''Raggedy Ann'' doll.
- September 11 - The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli, Pennsylvania|Paoli and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
October
- October 12 - World War I: United Kingdom|British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a Germany|German firing squad for helping Allies|Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
- October 15 - World War I: Austria-Hungary invades the Kingdom of Serbia. Bulgaria enters the war, invading Kingdom of Serbia. The retreat of the Serbian First Army towards Greece begins the Serbian Campaign (World War I).
- October 19 - Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexico|Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza ''de facto'' (not ''de jure'' until 1917).
- October 27 - Billy Hughes|William Morris Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
November
- November - Sykes-Picot Agreement: The governments of Britain and France secretly agree to overtake the Middle-Eastern regions of the Ottoman Empire (mostly Syria and Iraq), and establish their own zones of influence.
- November 14 - A vision is allegedly encountered by various military personnel in Europe at 22:30 hours (as recounted on the television series ''One Step Beyond (TV series)|One Step Beyond'').
- November 23 - The ''Triangle Film Corporation'' opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio.
- November 25 - The theory of general relativity is formulated.
December
- December 12 - Chinese president Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor.
- December 23 - The ''HMHS Britannic'', the largest individual British loss in World War I, departs Liverpool on her maiden voyage.
- December 25 - British and German forces get out of the trenches in World War I and have a free-for-all kick-around football game in no-man's land.
- December 26 - The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage a rising on Easter Sunday 1916.
Undated
- Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of Pangaea.
- Emory College is rechartered as Emory University, and plans to move its main campus from Oxford, Georgia to Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta.
- William Maxwell Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook buys the ''Daily Express''.
- An automobile speed record of 102.6 Miles per hour|m.p.h. is set at Sheepshead Bay, N.Y. by Gil Anderson, driving a Stutz.
- The first stop sign appears in Detroit, Michigan.
- Women's suffrage is introduced in Denmark and Iceland.
- Franz Kafka's short novel ''Die Verwandlung'' is first published in Germany.
- There are 2 million Russian casualties during World War I.
Ongoing
- World War I (1914-1918).
Births
January-February
- January 2 - John Hope Franklin, American historian
- January 3 - Sid Hudson, American baseball player (d. 2008)
- January 5 - Arthur H. Robinson, American geographer and cartographer (d. 2004)
- January 6 - Don Edwards, American politician
- January 9 - Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970)
- January 11 - Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier and co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955)
- January 14 - Mark Goodson, American television game show producer (d. 1992)
- January 18 - Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician
- January 20 - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
- January 23 - Arthur Lewis (economist)|Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- January 24 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
- January 29 - John Serry, Sr., American musician, composer, arranger (d. 2003)
- January 30 - Joachim Peiper, German S.S. officer (d. 1976)
- January 30 - John Profumo, British cabinet minister (d. 2006)
- January 31 - Alan Lomax, American folklorist and musicologist (d. 2002)
- January 31 - Thomas Merton, American monk and author (d. 1968)
- February 1 - Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
- February 1 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
- February 1 - Alicia Rhett, American actress and painter
- February 2 - Khushwant Singh, Indian writer
- February 4 - Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor
- February 5 - Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- February 7 - Teoctist Arăpaşu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007)
- February 11 - Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author and soldier
- February 14 - Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007)
- February 16 - Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
- February 16 - Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007)
- February 19 - John Freeman, British politician
- February 23 - Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (''Enola Gay'') (d. 2007)
- February 26 - Preacher Roe, American baseball player
- February 28 - Zero Mostel, American film and stage actor (''A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum'') (d. 1977)
- February 28 - Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
March-April
- March 3 - Wally Cassell, American actor
- March 4 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
- March 9 - Johnnie Johnson (pilot)|John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
- March 10 - Harry Bertoia, Italian artist and designer (d. 1978)
- March 11 - Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
- March 14 - Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 2005)
- March 17 - Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian
- March 19 - Patricia Morison, American actress
- March 20 - Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
- March 23 - Vasily Grigoryevich Zaitsev|Vasily Zaitsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
- March 27 - Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
- March 30 - Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
- March 30 - Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician
- March 31 - Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
- April 3 - Piet de Jong, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
- April 4 - Muddy Waters, African-American musician (d. 1983)
- April 7 - Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist
- April 7 - Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959)
- April 8 - Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007)
- April 10 - Harry Morgan, American actor (''Dragnet'')
- April 12 - Július Tomin, Czech writer (d. 2003)
- April 15 - Elizabeth Catlett, American-born artist
- April 21 - Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (''Zorba The Greek'') (d. 2001)
- April 23 - Robert Kellard, American actor (d. 1981)
- April 29 - Mills Brothers|Donald Mills, lead tenor of ''The Mills Brothers'' (d. 1999)
- April 30 - Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi
May-June
- May 1 - Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
- May 2 - Doris Fisher (singer)|Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
- May 3 - Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003)
- May 5 - Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- May 6 - Orson Welles, American film director (''Citizen Kane'') (d. 1985)
- May 6 - George Perle, American composer
- May 8 - Milton Meltzer, American author
- May 12 - Frère Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
- May 15 - Hilda Bernstein, English-born author, artist, and activist (d. 2006)
- May 15 - Mario Monicelli, Italian film director
- May 15 - Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate
- May 20 - Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
- May 20 - Peter Copley, English actor
- May 26 - Sam Edwards, American actor (d. 2004)
- May 27 - Herman Wouk, American author (''The Winds of War'')
- May 29 - Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
- June 1 - John Randolph (actor)|John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
- June 9 - Les Paul, American inventor and musician
- June 10 - Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- June 10 - Peride Celal, Turkish author
- June 12 - David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist
- June 15 - Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- June 17 - Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
- June 17 - Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica
- June 20 - Paul Castellano, American gangster (d. 1985)
- June 24 - Sir Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
- June 26 - Charlotte Zolotow, American author
- June 27 - Grace Lee Boggs, American feminist and author
- June 28 - David Honeyboy Edwards, American musician
July-August
- July 5 - John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007)
- July 15 - Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist
- July 24 - Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004)
- July 26 - Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi
- July 28 - Charles Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate
- July 28 - Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
- August 3 - Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach
- August 3 - Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006)
- August 12 - Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007)
- August 19 - Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
- August 22 - Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)
- August 25 - Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997)
- August 27 - Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate
- August 28 - Tasha Tudor, American illustrator
- August 28 - Max Robertson, British sports commentator
- August 29 - Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
- August 30 - Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland
- August 30 - Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003)
September-October
- September 2 - Meinhardt Raabe, American actor
- September 3 - Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer
- September 8 - Frank Cady, American actor
- September 8 - Frank Pullen, English business person and racehorse owner (d. 1992)
- September 12 - Frank McGee, American television personality (d. 1974)
- September 14 - John Dobson (astronomer)|John Dobson, American astronomer
- September 15 - Ismail Yasin, Egyptian comedian and actor (d. 1972)
- September 17 - M F Husain, Indian artist
- September 17 - Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Spanish-born philosopher
- September 23 - Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003)
- September 23 - Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- September 29 - Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
- September 30 - Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
- October 9 - Clifford M. Hardin, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
- October 13 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- October 15 - Nellie Lutcher, American singer (d. 2007)
- October 15 - Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician
- October 17 - Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
- October 19 - Farid al-Atrash, Arab composer, singer, virtuoso oud player, and actor (d. 1974)
- October 24 - Bob Kane, American comic book creator (''Superman'') (d. 1998)
- October 24 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (d. 1984)
- October 28 - Dody Goodman, American actress and dancer
- October 29 - William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
November-December
- November 4 - Wee Kim Wee, 4th president of Singapore (d. 2005)
- November 9 - André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)
- November 9 - Sargent Shriver, American politician
- November 11 - William Proxmire, U.S. Senator (d. 2005)
- November 12 - Roland Barthes, French philosopher and literary critic (d. 1980)
- November 14 - Martha Tilton, British actress (d. 2006)
- November 17 - David "Stringbean" Akeman, American country music banjo player (d. 1973)
- November 19 - Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- November 25 - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (d. 2006)
- November 28 - Evald Okas, Estonian painter
- November 30 - Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
- November 30 - Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- December 7 - Eli Wallach, American actor
- December 8 - Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
- December 9 - Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
- December 12 - Frank Sinatra, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- December 13 - Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (d. 1983)
- December 17 - Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist
- December 19 - Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
- December 21 - Werner von Trapp, member of the Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007)
- December 22 - Barbara Billingsley, American actress (''Leave It To Beaver'')
- December 27 - Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
Deaths
January - June
- January 14 - Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
- January 15 - Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
- February 5 - Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850)
- March 4 - William Willett, English inventor of daylight saving time (b. 1856)
- March 9 - François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (b. 1887)
- March 15 - George Llewelyn-Davies, one of the 'Lost Boys' for the Peter Pan book (b. 1893)
- March 31 - Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (b. 1882)
- April 16 - Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
- April 23 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887)
- April 23 - Frederick Fisher, Canadian VC recipient (killed in battle) (b. 1894)
- April 27 - Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872)
- May 24 - Private John Condon, youngest British soldier to die during the First World War {b. c. 1901)
- May 26 - Julian Grenfell, poet (killed in battle) (b. 1888)
- May 31 - Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)
July - December
- July 2 - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (b. 1830)
- July 16 - Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of Seventh-Day Adventism, most translated American author (b. 1827)
- August 20 - Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
- August 26 - John Bunny American silent film comedian (b. 1863)
- August 31 - Adolphe Pegoud, aviator (killed in action) (b. 1889)
- September 9 - Albert Spalding, baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
- September 11 - William Sprague (1830-1915)|William Sprague IV, America politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830)
- September 13 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
- September 27 - Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (killed in battle) (b. 1889)
- October 12 - Edith Cavell, nurse and war heroine (shot) (b. 1865)
- October 12 - Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in battle) (b. 1895)
- October 23 - W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1948)
- October 30 - Charles Tupper, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
- November 15 - Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
- November 28 - Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1896)
Nobel prizes
- Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry - Richard Willstätter
- Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature - Romain Rolland
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine - not awarded
- Nobel Peace Prize|Peace - not awarded
- Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics - William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
Notes
External links
- 1915 Coin Pictures
Table of Contents
__TOC__
Category:1915|
zh-min-nan:1915 nî
map-bms:1915
be-x-old:1915
simple:1915
zh-yue:1915年
cbk-zam:1915
bat-smg:1915
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