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1912

Year '''1912''' ('''Roman numerals|MCMXII''') was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1912

January

- January 1 - The Republic of China is established.
- January 4 - The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth by Royal Charter.
- January 5 - Prague Party Conference: Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party break away from the rest of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
- January 6 - New Mexico is admitted as the 47th U.S. state.
- January 8 - The African National Congress is founded.
- January 17 - British polar explorer Robert Falcon Scott and a team of 4 become the second expeditionary group to reach the South Pole.
- January 23 - The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.

February

- February 14 - Arizona is admitted as the 48th U.S. state.

March

- March 1 - Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving fixed-wing aircraft|airplane.
- March 5 - Italy|Italian forces are the first to use airships for a military purpose by using them for reconnaissance west of Tripoli behind Turkey|Turkish lines.
- March 7
- Roald Amundsen announces his success in reaching the South Pole.
- French aviator Henri Seimet makes the first non-stop flight from Paris to London in three hours.
- March 12 - The Girl Scouts of the USA are founded.
- March 16 - Lawrence Oates, dying member of Robert Falcon Scott|Scott's South Pole expedition, leaves the tent saying, "I am just going outside and may be some time."
- March 27 - Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo gives 3,000 Sakura|cherry blossom trees to be planted in Washington, D.C., to symbolize the friendship between the two countries.
- March 30 - France establishes a protectorate over Morocco.

April

- April 10 - The British ocean liner ''RMS Titanic'' leaves Southampton, England on her first maiden voyage for New York City.
- April 11 - The British ocean liner ''RMS Titanic'' reaches Queenstown, Ireland (also known as Cobh today) by around 6:30 and picks up passengers so it can steam off towards New York City.
- April 14 - The British ocean liner ''RMS Titanic'' strikes an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean at 11:40 pm.
- April 15 - By 2:20a.m, the ''RMS Titanic'' sinks, taking with it 1,500 lives.
- April 16
    - Harriet Quimby becomes first woman to fly across the English Channel.
    - The Royal Ontario Museum is established in Toronto, Ontario.
- April 17 - A solar eclipse is seen across Europe.
- April 20
    - Tiger Stadium (Detroit)|Tiger Stadium opens in Detroit.
    - Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox, opens.

May

- May 5 - The 1912 Summer Olympics open in Stockholm, Sweden.
- May 6 - Suffragettes and their supporters parade in New York City,
- May 13 - In the United Kingdom, the Royal Flying Corps (forerunner of the Royal Air Force) is established.
- May 30 - Joe Dawson (racecar driver)|Joe Dawson wins the 1912 Indianapolis 500|second Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis 500-Mile Race after Ralph DePalma's Mercedes (car)|Mercedes breaks down within sight of the finish.

June

- June 4 - A fire in Constantinople destroys 1,120 buildings.
- June 5 - U.S. Marines land in Cuba.
- June 6-June 8 - Mount Novarupta erupts in Alaska.
- June 8 - Carl Laemmle incorporates ''Universal Studios|Universal Pictures''.
- June 18 - The Republican National Convention nominates incumbent President William Howard Taft in Chicago, defeating a challenge by former President Theodore Roosevelt, whose delegates bolt the convention.
- June 25 - The Democratic National Convention nominates New Jersey Gov. Woodrow Wilson|Thomas Woodrow Wilson in Baltimore.

July

- July 19 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kilogram|kg explodes over the town of Holbrook, Arizona|Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing thousands of pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
- July 30 - Emperor Meiji of Japan dies. He is succeeded by his son Yoshihito who becomes Emperor Taishō. In History of Japan|Japanese History, the event marks the end of the Meiji period|Meiji era and the beginning of the Taishō period|Taishō era.

August

- August 1 - The Jungfraubahn rack railway is inaugurated in Switzerland.
- August 5 - Dissident Republican Party (United States)|Republicans form the Progressive Party 1912 (United States)|Progressive or Bull Moose Party, and nominate former President Theodore Roosevelt as their presidential candidate.
- August 11 - Sodomy becomes legal in France.
- August 12 - Sultan Abd Al-Hafid of Morocco abdicates.
- August 25 - The Kuomintang, the China|Chinese nationalist political party|party, is founded.

September

- September 25 - The Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City, New York.

October

- October 8 - The Balkan Wars|First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against Turkey.
- October 14 - While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former President Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper John Schrank. With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt delivers his scheduled speech.
- October 16
- Bulgarian pilots Radul Minkov and Prodan Toprakchiev perform the first bombing with an airplane in history, at the railway station of Karaagac near Edirne against Turkey.
- The Boston Red Sox, assisted by a famous error (baseball)|error, defeat the New York Giants in extra innings to win the 1912 World Series, in what is considered one of the greatest games of baseball ever played.

November

- November 5 - U.S. presidential election, 1912: United States Democratic Party|Democratic challenger Woodrow Wilson wins a landslide victory over United States Republican Party|Republican incumbent William Howard Taft. Taft's base is undercut by Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive Party candidate (and former Republican) Theodore Roosevelt, who finishes second, ahead of Taft.
- November 28 - Albania declares independence from the Ottoman Empire.

December

- December - Piltdown Man is presented in United Kingdom|Britain.
- December 3 - The Balkan Wars|First Balkan War ends temporarily: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with Turkey, ending the two-month long war.

Undated

- Sea Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)|Sea Scouting begins under the aegis of the Boy Scouts of America.
- Casimir Funk identifies vitamins.
- The American Little Theatre Movement begins with the founding of the Toy Theatre in Boston and the Little Theatre of Chicago.
- ''The Memphis Blues'' is published.
- Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of continental drift.
- British treasure hunters try to drain Lake Guatavita to find gold; they find nothing.
- German trade unions have 3 million members.
- The Scoville Unit (used to measure the heat of peppers) is devised and tested by Wilbur Scoville.
- U.S. Marines intervene in Nicaragua to bolster the conservative government.

Ongoing

- Mexican Civil War

Births

January-February

- January 1 - Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
- January 2 - Hans Leussink, German politician (d. 2008)
- January 3 - Armand Lohikoski, Finnish director (d. 2005)
- January 6 - Jacques Ellul, French philosopher (d. 1994)
- January 7 - Charles Addams, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
- January 8 - José Ferrer, Puerto Rican actor (d. 1992)
- January 19 - Leonid Kantorovich, Russian economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- January 21 - Konrad Emil Bloch, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2000)
- January 28 - Jackson Pollock, American painter (d. 1956)
- January 30
    - Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
    - Barbara Tuchman, American historian (d. 1989)
    - Francis Schaeffer, American Evangelical theologian, philosopher, and Presbyterian pastor (d. 1984)
- February 2 - Millvina Dean, youngest survivor of the ''RMS Titanic'' disaster
- February 3 - Mary Carlisle, American actress and singer
- February 4
    - Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor (d. 1993)
    - Byron Nelson, American golfer (d. 2006)
- February 6 - Eva Braun, Adolf Hitler's mistress (d. 1945)
- February 11 - Roy Fuller, English poet and novelist (d. 1991)
- February 20 - Pierre Boulle, French author (d. 1994)
- February 25 - Brenda Joyce (actress)|Brenda Joyce, American actress
- February 27 - Lawrence Durrell, British writer (d. 1990)

March-April

- March 4
    - Afro Basaldella, Italian painter (d. 1976)
    - Judith Furse, British character actress (d. 1974)
    - Carl Marzani, American documentarian (d. 1994)
- March 5 - David Astor, British newspaper publisher (d. 2001)
- March 8 - Preston Smith (Texas)|Preston Smith, Governor of Texas (d. 2003)
- March 12 - Irving Layton, Canadian poet (d. 2006)
- March 14
    - Les Brown (bandleader)|Les Brown, American band leader (d. 2001)
    - W. Willard Wirtz, American administrator
- March 15 - Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (d. 1982)
- March 16 - Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States (d. 1993)
- March 17 - Bayard Rustin, American civil rights activist (d. 1987)
- March 18
    - Lucien Laurin, Canadian horse trainer (d. 2000)
    - Art Gilmore, American radio and television announcer
- March 22 - Karl Malden, American actor (''The Streets of San Francisco'')
- March 23
    - Betty Astell, British actress (d. 2005)
    - Wernher von Braun, German-born American physicist and engineer (d. 1977)
- March 24 - Dorothy Height, American activist
- March 27 - James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
- April 2 - Mills Brothers|Herbert Mills, "Mills Brothers" tenor (d. 1989)
- April 7 - Jack Lawrence, American composer
- April 8
    - Alois Brunner, German Nazi war criminal
    - Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater (d. 1969)
- April 11 - Gusti Wolf, Austrian actress (d. 2007)
- April 12 - Walt Gorney, American actor (d. 2004)
- April 15 - Kim Il Sung, President of North Korea (d. 1994)
- April 16 - Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (d. 1997)
- April 17 - Marta Eggerth, Hungarian-born actress and singer, naturalized citizen of the United States
- April 19 - Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- April 22 - Kathleen Ferrier, British contralto (d. 1953)
- April 26 - A. E. van Vogt, Canadian-born writer (d. 2000)
- April 28 - Odette Sansom, French World War II heroine (d. 1995)

May-June

- May 3 - Virgil Fox, American organist (d. 1980)
- May 9 - Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican actor (d. 1963)
- May 11 - Foster Brooks, American actor and comedian (d. 2001)
- May 12 - Archibald Cox, American Watergate special prosecutor (d. 2004)
- May 14 - Ben Hogan, American golfer (d. 1997)
- May 16 - Studs Terkel, American writer and broadcaster (d. 2008)
- May 18
    - Perry Como, American singer (d. 2001)
    - Walter Sisulu, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 2003)
- May 21 - Monty Stratton, American baseball player (d. 1982)
- May 22 - Herbert C. Brown, English-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
- May 23
    - Jean Françaix, French composer (d. 1997)
    - John Payne (actor)|John Payne, American actor (d. 1989)
- May 25 - Princess Her Imperial Highness Princess Duk-hye|Dukhye of Korea (d. 1989)
- May 27 - Sam Snead, American golfer (d. 2002)
- May 28
    - Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
    - Herman Johannes, Indonesian professor, scientist and politician (d. 1992)
- May 29 - Pamela Hansford Johnson, English poet, novelist, playwright, literary and social critic (d. 1981)
- May 30 - Julius Axelrod, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- May 31 - Alfred Deller, English countertenor (d. 1979)
- June 4 - Robert Jacobsen, Danish artist (d. 1993)
- June 5 - Dean Amadon, American ornithologist (d. 2003)
- June 6 - Maria Montez, Dominican actress (d. 1951)
- June 8
    - Harry Holtzman, American artist (d. 1987)
    - J. Walter Kennedy, former NBA commissioner (d. 1977)
- June 21 - Kazimierz Leski, Polish engineer, fighter pilot, and intelligence and counter-intelligence officer (d. 2000)
- June 23 - Alan Turing, British mathematician (d. 1954)
- June 24 - Brian Johnston, British cricket commentator (d 1994)
- June 25 - William T. Cahill, American politician (d. 1996)
- June 26 - Jay Silverheels, American actor (''The Lone Ranger'') (d. 1980)
- June 27 - Chen Kenmin, Japanese chef (d. 1990)
- June 30 - Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (d. 2003)

July-August

- July 1
    - David R. Brower, American environmentalist (d. 2000)
    - Sally Kirkland (editor)|Sally Kirkland, American fashion editor (d. 1989)
- July 6 - Heinrich Harrer, Austrian mountaineer and explorer (d. 2006)
- July 14 - Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (''This Land Is Your Land'') (d. 1969)
- July 17 - Art Linkletter, American television host (''House Party'')
- July 18 - Max Rousié, French rugby footballer (d. 1950)
- July 31
    - Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
    - Irv Kupcinet, American newspaper columnist (d. 2003)
- August 1 - Frank K. Edmondson, American astronomer
- August 3 - Fritz Hellwig, German politician (CDU) and former European Commissioner for Science & Research
- August 9 - Anne Brown, American soprano
- August 10 - Jorge Amado|Jorge Amado de Faria, Brazilian author (d. 2001)
- August 11 - Thanom Kittikachorn, Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2004)
- August 11 - Norman Levinson, American mathematician (d. 1975)
- August 13 - Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1991)
- August 15 - Julia Child, American TV chef (d. 2004)
- August 16
    - Ted Drake, English footballer (d. 1995)
    - Wendy Hiller, English actress (d. 2003)
- August 23 - Gene Kelly, American actor (d. 1996)
- August 25 - Erich Honecker, East German leader (d. 1994)
- August 27 - Gloria Guinness, Mexican-born English fashion icon (d. 1980)
- August 30
    - Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
    - Nancy Wake, New Zealand World War II heroine

September-October

- September 5
    - John Cage, American composer (d. 1992)
    - Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas, American animator (d. 2004)
- September 10 - Mary Walter, Filipino actress (d. 1993)
- September 11 - David Packard, American electrical engineer (d. 1996)
- September 19 - Kurt Sanderling, German conductor
- September 21
    - Chuck Jones, American animator (''Warner Brothers'') (d. 2002)
    - György Sándor, Hungarian pianist (d. 2005)
- September 22
    - Herbert Mataré, German physicist and European co-inventor of the transistor
    - Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003)
- September 24 - Don Porter, American actor (d. 1997)
- September 27 - Tauno Marttinen, Finnish composer (d. 2008)
- September 29 - Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian film director (d. 2007)
- October 5
    - Karl Hass, German Nazi war criminal (d. 2004)
    - Kristina Söderbaum, German actress (d. 2001)
- October 17 - Pope John Paul I (d. 1978)
- October 21 - Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (d. 1997)
- October 22 - Johan Hendrik Weidner, Belgian World War II resistance fighter (d. 1994)
- October 25 - Minnie Pearl, American humorist (d. 1996)
- October 27 - Conlon Nancarrow, American composer (d. 1997)
- October 31 - Ollie Johnston, American animator (d. 2008)

November-December

- November 3 - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (d. 2006)
- November 4 - Vadim Salmanov, Russian composer (d. 1978)
- November 6 - Toke Townley, English actor
- November 10
    - Birdie Tebbetts, baseball player and manager (d. 1999)
    - Jean-Hilaire Aubame, Gabonese politician (d. 1989)
- November 11 - Larry LaPrise, American songwriter (d. 1996)
- November 13 - Claude Pompidou, wife of French President Georges Pompidou (d. 2007)
- November 14
    - Barbara Hutton, American socialite (d. 1979)
    - T. Y. Lin, Chinese-born civil engineer (d. 2003)
- November 19 - George Emil Palade, Romanian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- November 20 - Otto von Habsburg, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary
- November 21
    - Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (d. 1982)
    - Abd-al-Aziz ibn Abd-Allah ibn Baaz, the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1993 - 1999 (d. 1999)
- November 24 - Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher (d. 1993)
- November 30 - Gordon Parks, African-American photographer and artist (d. 2006)
- December 10 - Philip Hart, Democratic United States Senator from Michigan from 1959 - 1976 (d. 1976)
- December 11 - Carlo Ponti, Italian film producer (d. 2007)
- December 12 - Henry Armstrong, American boxer (d. 1988)
- December 22 - Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the United States (d. 2007)
- December 25 - Natalino Otto, Italian singer (d. 1969)
- December 27 - Conroy Maddox, British painter (d. 2005)

Deaths

January - June

- January 28 - Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (b. 1819)
- February 10 - Joseph Lister, English surgeon (b. 1827)
- February 16 - Nikolai of Japan, Eastern Orthodox monk and saint (b. 1836)
- February 21 - Osborne Reynolds, Irish physicist (b. 1842)
- February 25 - Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1852)
- March 1 - George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (b. 1847)
- March 29 - Members of the Scott Expedition to the South Pole:
    - Henry Robertson Bowers (b. 1883)
    - Edgar Evans, Welsh naval officer (b. 1876)
    - Lawrence Oates, English Army officer (b. 1880)
    - Robert Falcon Scott, English explorer (b. 1868)
    - Edward Adrian Wilson, English physician and naturalist (b. 1872)
- March 30 - Karl May, German author (b. 1842)
- April 12 - Clara Barton, American nurse (b. 1821)
- April 15 - 11 out of 1,500 victims of the ''RMS Titanic'' sinking:
    - Thomas Andrews (shipbuilder)|Thomas Andrews, Jr., Irish shipbuilder (b. 1873)
    - John Jacob Astor IV, American businessman (b. 1864)
    - Archibald Butt, American presidential aide (b. 1865)
    - Thomas Byles|Thomas R.D. Byles, English-born Catholic priest (b. 1870)
    - Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (b. 1865)
    - Edward J. Smith, English ship's captain (b. 1850)
    - William Thomas Stead, English journalist (b. 1849)
    - Isidor Straus, German-born owner of Macy's (b. 1845)
    - Ida Straus, wife of Isidor Straus (1 of only 5 Titanic First-class female fatalities) (b. 1849)
    - Jack Phillips, senior wireless officer of the Titanic (b. 1887)
    - Wallace Hartley, violinist and band leader of the Titanic (b. 1878)
- April 20 - Bram Stoker, English writer (''Dracula'') (b. 1847)
- May 14
    - August Strindberg, Swedish playwright and painter (b. 1849)
    - Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII, King of Denmark (b. 1843)
- May 25 - Austin Lane Crothers, American politician (b. 1860)
- May 30 - Wilbur Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1867)
- June 12
    - Anton Aškerc, Slovene poet (b. 1856)
    - Frédéric Passy, French economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1822)

July - December

- July 1 - Harriet Quimby, American pilot (b. 1875)
- July 2 - Tom Richardson, English cricketer (b. 1870)
- July 17 - Henri Poincaré, French mathematician (b. 1854)
- July 30 - Meiji Emperor of Japan (b. 1852)
- August 7 - François-Alphonse Forel, Swiss hydrologist (b. 1841)
- August 8 - Ross Winn, American anarchist writer and publisher (b. 1871)
- August 20
- Walter Goodman, British painter, illustrator and author (b. 1838)
- William Booth, English founder of the Salvation Army (b. 1829)
- October 6 - Auguste Marie François Beernaert, Belgian statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1829)
- October 24 - Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian composer (b. 1842)
- October 30 - James S. Sherman, 27th Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)
- November 10 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (b. 1863)
- November 28 - Walter Benona Sharp, American oil pioneer (b. 1870)
- December 23 - Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (b. 1850)

Nobel prizes

Notes

External links

- 1912 Coin Pictures

__TOC__ Category:1912| map-bms:1912 zh-min-nan:1912 nî be-x-old:1912 simple:1912 zh-yue:1912年 cbk-zam:1912 bat-smg:1912

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