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1908
Year '''1908''' ('''Roman numerals|MCMVIII''') was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday
of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1908
January
- January 1
- British Harry Bensley leaves for his would-be trip around the world pushing a Baby_transport#Carriages_and_prams|pram and wearing an iron mask, beginning from Trafalgar Square.
- A ball signifying New Year's Day drops in New York City's Times Square for the first time.
- January 11 - Grand Canyon National Park|Grand Canyon National Monument is designated (becomes a National Park in February 1919).
- January 12 - A long-distance radio message is sent from the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
- January 13 - A fire at the Rhoads Opera House in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, kills 170 people. The tragedy is a catalyst for stricter fire safety laws nationwide.
- January 15 - The Alpha Kappa Alpha|Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority (the first Greek-letter organization by and for black college women) is established.
- January 21 - New York City passes the Sullivan Ordinance, making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only for it to be vetoed by the mayor.
- January 24 - Robert Baden-Powell begins the Scouting|Boy Scout movement.
February
- February 1 - King Carlos I of Portugal and Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal|Infante Luis Filipe are shot dead in Lisbon.
- February 3 - Greek multisport club Panathinaikos is founded.
- February 11 - Australia regains The Ashes with a 308 run cricket victory over England.
- February 12
- The first around-the-world car race, the 1908 New York to Paris Race, begins.
- De Meester's Dutch government leaves office.
- February 18 - Japanese immigration to the U.S.A. is forbidden.
- February 25 - The Bible Institute of Los Angeles (now Biola University) is founded.
March
- March 4 - The Collinwood School Fire, near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
- March 7 - The University of British Columbia is established by the British Columbia University Act.
- March 9 - The Internazionale Football Club is founded in Milan, Italy.
- March 21 - Frenchman Henri Farman pilots the first passenger flight.
- March 25 - The Clube Atlético Mineiro is founded in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- March 27 - The first overseas Scouting|Scout Troop is formed in Gibraltar.
April
- April 8 - Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
- April 19 - The Garfield Park Conservatory in Chicago, designed by Jens Jensen (landscape architect)|Jens Jensen, opens to the public for the first time.
- April 20 - Sunshine train disaster: Two trains collide in Melbourne,Australia, killing 44 people and injuring more than 400 (over 100 seriously).[Ballarat Genealogy: Newspaper Report of the accident]
- April 21 - Frederick Cook claims to have reached the North Pole on this date.
- April 24 - The seventh deadliest tornado in U.S. history strikes the towns of Amite, Louisiana, Pine, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi, killing 143 people and injuring 770.
- April 27 - The opening ceremony of the 1908 Summer Olympics|London Olympics is held.
May
- May 10 - Mother's Day (United States)|Mother's Day is observed for the first time, at Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia.
- May 24 - Empire Day is accepted as the traditional formation date of the 1st Arundel (Earl of Arundel's) own Scout Group, although Scouting was probably active in Arundel prior to this date.
- May 26 - At Masjid-al-Salaman in southwest Iran|Persia, the first major commercial oil discovery in the Middle East is made. The rights to the resource are quickly acquired by the United Kingdom.
June
- June 18 - The University of the Philippines System is founded.
- June 20 - The Georgia Tech Alumni Association is chartered in Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. State)|Georgia.
- June 30 - The Tunguska event, also known as the ''Russian explosion'', occurs near the Stony Tunguska|Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberia, Russian Empire.
July
- July 3 - Young Turk Revolution in the Ottoman Empire: Major Ahmed Niyazi, with 200 followers (Ottoman troops and civilians), begins an open revolution by defecting from the 3rd Army Corps in Macedonia (region)|Macedonia, decamping into the hill country.
- July 6 - Robert Peary sets sail for the Geographic North Pole|North Pole.
- July 11-July 12|12 - The steamship ''Amalthea'', housing 80 British strikebreakers while in Malmö harbour, Sweden, is bombed by Anton Nilson; 1 is killed, 20 injured.
- July 19 - The Feyenoord Rotterdam Football Club is founded.
- July 22 - The automobile manufacturing company ''Fisher Body'' is founded.
- July 23 - Young Turk Revolution: The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) issues a formal ultimatum to Abdul Hamid II|Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the constitution of 1876, within the Ottoman Empire.
- July 24 - Young Turk Revolution: Abdul Hamid II announces the restoration of the Ottoman Empire's constitution.
- July 24 - Dorando Pietri wins the Olympic marathon in London in one of the most dramatic arrivals of the Olympic history, only to be disqualified soon afterwards.
- July 26 - United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
August
- August 24 - After an intense power struggle, Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco|Abd al-Aziz IV of Morocco is deposed, and is succeeded by his brother Abdelhafid of Morocco|Abd al-Hafiz.
- August 31 - A charter is granted for Wayland Literary and Technical Institute in Plainview, Texas (now Wayland Baptist University).
September
- September 8 - The Denmark|Danish minister of Justice, Peter Adler Alberti, is revealed to be an embezzling|embezzler.
- September 16 - William C. Durant founds the company which eventually becomes General Motors.
- September 17 - At Ft. Myer, Virginia, Thomas Selfridge becomes the first person to die in an airplane crash. The pilot, Orville Wright, is severely injured in the crash but recovers.
- September 23 - The University of Alberta is founded in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- September 27 - Henry Ford produces his first Ford Model T|Model T automobile.
October
- October 5 - Bulgaria declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire; Ferdinand I of Bulgaria becomes Tsar.
- October 6 - The Bosnian Crisis begins after the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- October 13 - The Church of the Nazarene is organised officially at Pilot Point, Texas as the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene. This is the official "birthday" of the denomination.
November
- November 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1908: Republican William Howard Taft defeats Democrat William Jennings Bryan.
- November 6 - Western bandits Butch Cassidy and The Sundance Kid are supposedly killed in Bolivia, after being surrounded by a large group of soldiers. There are many rumors to the contrary however, and their grave sites are unmarked.
- November 13 - Andrew Fisher becomes the 5th Prime Minister of Australia.
- November 14 - Elizabeth Garrett Anderson is the first woman in England to be elected mayor (of Aldeburgh).
- November 24 - The first credit union in the United States begins operation in Manchester, New Hampshire.
- November 29 - Iraklis Thessaloniki (the historic Greek sports club) is founded, named after the mythical Greek hero Hercules.
December
- December 2 - Child Emperor Pu Yi ascends the China|Chinese throne at age 2.
- December 28 - A 7.0 Richter scale earthquake destroys Messina, Italy|Messina, Sicily and rocks Calabria, killing over 75,000 people.
Undated
- British suffragettes begin a campaign for female suffrage.
- Due to the evidence collected by Roger Casement, Léopold II of Belgium is forced to make reforms in the Congo Free State|Congo, which is his personal colony.
- ''The Children's Encyclopedia'' is first published.
- The Bureau of Investigation, forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI, is founded.
- Blackball, New Zealand coal miners strike for 11 weeks, an important step in the formation of the New Zealand Labour Party.
- Henri Matisse opens his own art academy in France.
- A 40,000-year-old Neanderthal boy skeleton is found at Le Moustier in southwest France.
- The Child Labour Act of Ontario is passed.
- The Irish Universities Act, 1908 is passed, creating the National University of Ireland at Dublin and the Queen's University of Belfast.
- The first Ideal Home Exhibition is held in London.
- The Manila Business School is renamed the Philippine School of Commerce (later the Polytechnic University of the Philippines).
- The University of the Philippines is founded at Manila.
- The first year of rugby league opens in Australia.
- The American Temperance University closes.
- Club Union becomes Chivas de Guadalajara of Mexico.
- Vimto is invented by John Noel Nichols. Originally sold under the name Vimtonic, Nichols shortens it to Vimto in 1912.
- The Converse (shoe company)|Converse Rubber Shoe Company (also known as the Boston Rubber Shoe Company) is formed in Malden, Massachusetts.
Ongoing
- Black Patch Tobacco Wars
Births
January-February
- January 8 - William Hartnell, British actor (d. 1975)
- January 9 - Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (d. 1986)
- January 12 - Jean Delannoy, French film director (d. 2008)
- January 14 - Russ Columbo, Italian-American singer, bandleader, and composer (d. 1934)
- January 15 - Edward Teller, Hungarian-born physicist (d. 2003)
- January 22 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
- January 26 - Stéphane Grappelli, French jazz violinist and composer (d. 1997)
- January 27 - Oran Page|Oran "Hot Lips" Page, American jazz musician (d. 1954)
- February 1 - George Pál, Hungarian-born animator (d. 1980)
- February 2 - Justice M. Chambers, American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1982)
- February 5 - Hilton twins|Daisy and Violet Hilton, English conjoined twin actresses (d. 1969)
- February 11 - Vivian Ernest Fuchs, English geologist and explorer (d. 1999)
- February 12 - Jean Effel, French painter and journalist (d. 1982)
- February 12 -August Neo, Estonian wrestler (d. 1982)
- February 17 - Red Barber, American baseball announcer and sports journalist (d. 1992)
- February 17 - Bo Yibo, Chinese politician (d. 2007)
- February 22 - John Mills, English actor (d. 2005)
- February 23 - William McMahon, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1988)
- February 26 - Tex Avery, American cartoonist (d. 1980)
- February 26 - Jean-Pierre Wimille, French race car driver (d. 1949)
- February 29 - Balthus, French painter (d. 2001)
- February 29 - Dee Brown (writer)|Dee Brown, American writer and historian (d. 2002)
March-April
- March 2 - Walter Bruch, German engineer (d. 1990)
- March 4 - T.R.M. Howard, African-American civil rights leader & surgeon (d. 1976)
- March 5 - Rex Harrison, English actor (d. 1990)
- March 7 - Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)
- March 12 - Rita Angus, New Zealand painter (d. 1970)
- March 13 - Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (d. 2002)
- March 17 - Brigitte Helm, German actress (d. 1996)
- March 19 - George Rodger, British photojournalist (d. 1995)
- March 20 - Michael Redgrave, English actor (d. 1985)
- March 20 - Frank Stanton, American businessman (d. 2006)
- March 22 - Louis L'Amour, American author (d. 1988)
- March 25 - Helmut Kautner|Helmut Käutner, German actor and director (d. 1980)
- March 25 - David Lean, English film director (d. 1991)
- March 27 - Semprini, English musician (d. 1990)
- March 29 - Arthur O'Connell, American actor (d. 1981)
- April 1 - Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (d. 1970)
- April 2 - Buddy Ebsen, American actor and dancer (d. 2003)
- April 4 - Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, American author (d. 2006)
- April 4 - Frances Ford Seymour, American socialite (d. 1950)
- April 5 - Bette Davis, American actress (d. 1989)
- April 5 - Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (d. 1989)
- April 5 - Jagjivan Ram, Indian politician (d. 1986)
- April 6 - John P. Davies, American diplomat (d. 1999)
- April 7 - Percy Faith, Canadian-born composer, musician (d. 1976)
- April 8 - Tito Guízar, Mexican singer and film actor (d. 1999)
- April 15 - Eden Ahbez, American musician (d. 1995)
- April 20 - Lionel Hampton, African-American musician and bandleader (d. 2002)
- April 24 - Józef Gosławski (Polish sculptor)|Józef Gosławski, Polish sculptor and medallic artist (d. 1963)
- April 25 - Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (d. 1965)
- April 28 - Oskar Schindler, Austro-Hungarian (Sudeten German) industrialist (d. 1974)
- April 29 - Jack Williamson, American science fiction author (d. 2006)
- April 30 - Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic prime minister (d. 1970)
May-June
- May 1 - Krystyna Skarbek, Polish-born heroine of World War II (d. 1952)
- May 5 - Kurt Böhme, German bass (d. 1989)
- May 7 - Max Grundig, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1989)
- May 8 - Cristian Vasile, Romanian singer (d. 1974)
- May 19 - Percy Williams, Canadian athlete (d. 1982)
- May 20 - James Stewart (actor)|James Stewart, American actor (d. 1997)
- May 23 - Max Abramovitz, American architect (d. 2004)
- May 23 - John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- May 23 - Hélène Boucher, French aviatrix (d. 1934)
- May 25 - Theodore Roethke, American poet (d. 1963)
- May 26 - Nguyen Ngoc Tho, First prime minister of South Vietnam
- May 28 - Ian Fleming, English writer (d. 1964)
- May 30 - Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- May 30 - Mel Blanc, American voice actor (d. 1989)
- May 31 - Don Ameche, American actor (d. 1993)
- June 12 - Marina Semenova, Russian ballerina
- June 18 - Bud Collyer, American voice actor and game show host (d. 1969)
- June 20 - Billy Werber, American baseball player
- June 21 - Yoon Bong-Gil, Korean resister against the Japanese occupation of Korea (d. 1932)
- June 24 - Alfons Rebane, Estonian military commander (d. 1976)
- June 24 - Hugo Distler, German composer (d. 1942)
- June 26 - Salvador Allende, President of Chile (d. 1973)
- June 26 - William F. Knowland, Americian politician and newspaperman (d. 1974)
- June 27 - Bill Kennedy (actor)|Bill Kennedy, American actor (d. 1997)
- June 29 - Leroy Anderson, American composer (d. 1975)
- June 30 - Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003)
July-August
- July 12 - Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
- July 25 - Bill Bowes, English cricketer (d. 1987)
- July 25 - Kathryn Eames, American actress (d. 2004)
- July 27 - Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996)
- August 2 - Al Alquist, California politician (d. 2006)
- August 4 - Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (d. 1994)
- August 5 - Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
- August 9 - A. I. Bezzerides, American screenwriter (d. 2007)
- August 10 - Rica Erickson, Australian botanist
- August 16 - William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.|William Maxwell, American novelist and editor (d. 2000)
- August 20 - Al Lopez, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
- August 21 - M. M. Kaye, British writer (d. 2004)
- August 22 - Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (d. 2004)
- August 23 - Hannah Frank, Scottish artist and sculptor
- August 27 - Donald Bradman, Australian cricketer (d. 2001)
- August 27 - Lyndon Johnson, President of the United States (d. 1973)
- August 28 - Roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist, artist and educator (d. 1996)
- August 28 - Robert Merle, French writer (d. 2004)
- August 30 - Leonor Fini, Argentine artist (d. 1996)
- August 31 - William Saroyan, American writer (d. 1981)
September-October
- September 2 - Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev, Russian astronomer/astrophysicist (d.1983)
- September 3 - Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (d. 1988)
- September 4 - Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright, African-American author (d. 1960)
- September 6 - Louis Essen, English physicist (d. 1997)
- September 6 - Korczak Ziolkowski, American sculptor (d. 1982)
- September 7 - Paul Brown, American football coach (d. 1991)
- September 7 - Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and medical researcher (d. 2008)
- September 10 - Raymond Scott, American composer, bandleader, electronic music pioneer (d. 1994)
- September 12 - Reginald C. Fuller, English Roman Catholic priest and writer
- September 13 - Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998)
- September 15 - Penny Singleton, American actress (d. 2003)
- September 15 - Miško Kranjec, Slovenian writer (d. 1983)
- September 19 - Paul Benichou|Paul Bénichou, French intellectual (d. 2001)
- September 21 - Charles Upham, New Zealand soldier (d. 1994)
- September 29 - Eddie Tolan, American athlete (d. 1967)
- September 30 - David Oistrakh, Ukrainian-born violinist (d. 1974)
- October 1 - Umar Dimayev, Chechen folk singer (d. 1972)
- October 6 - Carole Lombard, American actress (d.1942)
- October 9 - Lee Wiley, American jazz singer (d. 1975)
- October 14 - Ruth Hale (playwright and actress)|Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (d. 2003)
- October 15 - John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian economist (d. 2006)
- October 16 - Enver Hoxha, Albanian dictator (d. 1985)
- October 17 - Kenji Miyamoto (politician)|Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (d. 2007)
- October 19 - Sydney MacEwan, Scottish singer (d. 1990)
- October 19 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
- October 20 - Carl Stuart Hamblen, American musician and presidential candidate (d. 1989)
- October 21 - Jorge Oteiza, Spanish painter (d. 2003)
- October 22 - John Gould (columnist)|John Gould, American humorist, essayist, and columnist (d. 2003)
- October 23 - Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Chechen historian (d. 1997)
- October 23 - Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- October 25 - Tauno Palo, Finnish actor (d. 1982)
- October 25 - Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (d. 2004)
- October 28 - Arturo Frondizi, President of Argentina (d. 1995)
November-December
- November 2 - Fred Bakewell, English cricketer (d. 1983)
- November 4 - Józef Rotblat, Polish physicist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- November 10 - Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer (d. 2000)
- November 12 - Harry Blackmun, American judge (d. 1999)
- November 16 - Sœur Emmanuelle, French nun (d. 2008)
- November 18 - Imogene Coca, American actress (d. 2001)
- November 20 - Alistair Cooke, English-born American journalist (d. 2004)
- November 23 - Nelson S. Bond, American science fiction writer (d. 2006)
- November 26 - Charles Forte, Scottish businessman (d. 2007)
- November 28 - Claude Lévi-Strauss, Belgian-born anthropologist
- November 29 - Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
- December 3 - Edward Underdown, American film and stage actor (d. 1989)
- December 4 - Alfred Hershey, American bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
- December 6 - Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 2003)
- December 10 - Olivier Messiaen, French composer (d. 1992)
- December 11 - Elliott Carter, American composer
- December 11 - Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese film director
- December 17 - Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
- December 22 - Kočo Racin, Macedonian poet and revolutionary (d. 1943)
- December 23 - Sol Carter, American baseball player (d. 2006)
- December 31 - Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Nazi-hunter (d. 2005)
Date unknown
- Howard Cary, American engineer (d. 1991)
- Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, Somali politician (d. 2007)
Deaths
January - June
- January 9 - Wilhelm Busch, German painter and poet (b. 1832)
- January 17 - Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1835)
- January 25 - Ouida, English writer (b. 1839)
- February 1 - King Carlos I of Portugal (b. 1863)
- April 20 - Henry Chadwick (writer)|Henry Chadwick, English-born baseball writer and historian (b. 1824)
- April 22 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
- April 26 - Karl Möbius, German ecologist (b. 1825)
- May 24 - Tom Morris, Sr.|Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1821)
- May 26 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam (b. 1835)
- June 13 - Henry Lomb, German-American optician who co-founded ''Bausch & Lomb'' (b. 1848)
- June 14 - Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|Frederick Stanley, founder of the Stanley Cup, the National Hockey League|NHL Championship Trophy (b. 1841)
- June 21 - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (b. 1844)
- June 24 - Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (b. 1837)
July - December
- July 3 - Joel Chandler Harris, author (''Br'er Rabbit'') (b. 1848)
- July 5 - Jonas Lie, Norwegian author (b. 1833)
- July 6 - Felipe Calderón y Roca, Filipino politician (b. 1868)
- July 10 - Phoebe Knapp, American hymn composer (b. 1839)
- July 20 - Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (b. 1835)
- July 22 - William Randal Cremer, English politician and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1828)
- August 4 - Radoje Domanović, controversial Serbian writer (b. 1873)
- August 25 - Henri Becquerel, French physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- August 26 - Tony Pastor, American vaudeville and theater impresario (b. 1837)
- September 20 - Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
- September 29 - Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author (b. 1839)
- October 30 - Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor|Caroline Astor, American socialite (b. 1830)
- November 3 - Harro Magnussen, German sculptor (b. 1861)
- November 4
- Richard Gerstl, Austrian artist (b. 1883)
- Tomás Estrada Palma, first President of Cuba (b. 1832)
- November 14 - The Guangxu Emperor of China (b. 1871)
- November 15 - Empress Dowager Cixi, ruler of China (b. 1835)
=Unknown date=
- Qasim Amin, Egyptian writer (b. 1863)
Nobel prizes
- Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics - Gabriel Lippmann
- Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry - Ernest Rutherford
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich
- Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature - Rudolf Christoph Eucken
- Nobel Peace Prize|Peace - Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer
See also
- Boy Scouts of America - founded circa this time period.
Notes
External links
Category:1908|
roa-rup:1908
zh-min-nan:1908 nî
map-bms:1908
be-x-old:1908
simple:1908
zh-yue:1908年
cbk-zam:1908
bat-smg:1908
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