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1897

Year '''1897''' ('''Roman numerals|MDCCCXCVII''') was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1897

January - March

- January 2 - Alpha Omicron Pi Sorority is founded.
- January 4 - A United Kingdom|British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the Oba of Benin. This leads to a Punitive Expedition against Benin City|Benin.
- January 23 - Elva Zona Heaster found dead in Greenbrier County, West Virginia|Greenbrier County, West Virginia. The resulting murder trial of her husband is perhaps the only case in United States history where the testimony of a ghost helped secure a conviction.
- February 2 - Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania state capitol, is destroyed by fire.
- February 10 - Freedom of religion is proclaimed in Madagascar.
- February 18 - Benin City|Benin is put to the torch by the Punitive Expedition.
- February 26 - Sigma Pi Fraternity is founded.
- Birth of Shoghi Effendi, one of the appointed heads of the Baha'i Faith.
- March 4 - William McKinley succeeds Grover Cleveland as President of the United States.
- March 13 - San Diego State University is founded.

April - June

- April 5 - "Ordinance of April 5," equalizing German and Czech in Bohemia, signed in Austria-Hungary (see Count Kasimir Felix Badeni).
- April 24 - The first ever Rugby League Challenge Cup final is played at Headingley Stadium|Headingley.
- April 27 - Grant's Tomb is dedicated.
- May 1 - The Tennessee Centennial Exposition opens in Nashville, for 6 months, illuminated by many electric lights.
- May 10 - Snaefell Mining Disaster in the Isle of Man.
- May 16 - The Teatro Massimo was built in Palermo, the largest Opera Theatre in Italy, the 3° in Europe.
- May 18 - Dracula, a novel by Irish author Bram Stoker is published.
- May 19 - Oscar Wilde is released from prison.
- June 1 - American miners strike begins. The strike successfully establishes the United Mine Workers Union and bring about the 8-hour work day to mines.
- June 2 - Mark Twain, responding to rumors that he is dead, is quoted by the ''New York Journal'' as saying, "The report of my death was an exaggeration."
- June 12 - World's first Fingerprint Bureau opens in Calcutta (now Kolkata) India after the Council of the Governor General approved a committee report that fingerprints should be used for classification of criminal records.
- June 22 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee.

July - September

- July 11 - S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months.
- July 17 - Klondike Gold Rush begins when first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle, Washington|Seattle.
- July 25 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
- July 31 - First ascent of Mount Saint Elias, second highest peak in the United States and Canada.
- August 21 - Oldsmobile is founded in Lansing, MI by Ransom E. Olds.
- August 29 - First Zionist Congress convenes in Basel, Switzerland.
- September 1 - The Boston, Massachusetts|Boston subway opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit|metro in North America.
- September 10 - In the Lattimer Massacre, a sheriff's posse killes more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania.
- September 11 - After months of searching, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kingdom of Kaffa|Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
- September 20 - Greece and Turkey sign a peace treaty to end the Greco-Turkish War (1897)|Greco-Turkish War.

October - December

- October 2 - The first issue is published of the radical paper ''Tocsin''.
- October 6 - Ethiopia uses tricolore flag: green is for the land, yellow for peace, and red is symbolic of strength.
- October 12 - The USS Baltimore (C-3)|USS ''Baltimore'' (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since 1890, for several months of duty in the Hawaiian Islands.
- October 13 - The HMS Canopus (1898), a pre-Dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy, is launched at Portsmouth, England (will be deployed widely in World War I).
- October 23 - Kappa Delta Sorority is founded.
- December 9 - First issue of the feminist newspaper ''La Fronde'' is published by Marguerite Durand.
- December 28 - The play ''Cyrano de Bergerac (play)|Cyrano de Bergerac'', by Edmond Rostand, premieres in Paris.
- December 30 - KwaZulu-Natal Province|Natal annexes Zululand.

Undated

- France allows women to study at the ''Ecole des Beaux-Arts''.
- First use of the word "computer" meaning an electronic calculation device.
- Coseley Urban District Council is formed.
- Dos Equis is first brewed in anticipation of new century.
- J. J. Thomson discovers the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1800 times smaller than a proton (in the nucleus).
- The Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry|Ayrshire Yeomanry Cavalry, a British Army|British Yeomanry Cavalry Regiment, adopted the sub-title ''Earl of Carrick|Earl of Carrck's Own'' in honour of the future King Edward VII.
- Karl Lueger becomes mayor of Vienna.
- A rebellion in Philippines is settled with Spanish promises to reform.

Births

January - June

- January 3 - Marion Davies, American actress (d. 1961)
- January 21 - René Iché, French sculptor (d. 1954)
- January 23
    - Subhash Chandra Bose, Indian political leader (d. 1945(?))
    - Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect and anti-Nazi activist (d. 2000)
- January 28 - Ivan Stedeford, British Industrialist (d. 1975)
- February 4 - Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1977)
- February 7 - Quincy Porter, American composer (d. 1966)
- February 10
    - John F. Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
    - Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (d. 1992)
- February 21 - Elizabeth Harrison, daughter of President Benjamin Harrison (d. 1955)
- February 27
    - Ferdinand Heim, WWII German general, the "Scapegoat of Stalingrad" (d. 1977)
    - Marian Anderson, American contralto (d. 1993)
- March 1 - Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1957)
- March 4 - Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player and restaurateur (d. 1969)
- March 5 - Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (d. 1960)
- March 15 - Jackson Scholz, American sprinter (d. 1986)
- March 16 - Flora Eldershaw, Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d. 1956)
- March 20 - (claimed birthdate) Ruby Muhammad, African Americans' rights activist
- March 24 - Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychotherapist (d. 1957)
- March 28 - Sepp Herberger, German football coach (d. 1977)
- April 1 - Nita Naldi, American film actress (d. 1961)
- April 7 - Walter Winchell, American broadcast journalist (d. 1972)
- April 9 - John B. Gambling, American radio talk-show host (d. 1974)
- April 17 - Thornton Wilder, American dramatist (d. 1975)
- April 19
    - Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman (d. 1970)
    - Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
- April 21 - Aiden Wilson Tozer, American Protestant pastor (d. 1963)
- April 23 - Lester B. Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1972)
- April 25 - Mary, Princess Royal of England (d. 1965)
- April 26
    - Douglas Sirk, German-born director (d. 1987)
    - Eddie Eagan, American boxer and bobsledder (d. 1967)
- May 2 - J. Fred Coots, American songwriter (d. 1985)
- May 14 - Sidney Bechet, American musician (d. 1959)
- May 17 - Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
- May 18 - Frank Capra, American producer, director, and writer (d. 1991)
- May 19 - Frank Luke, American World War I pilot (d. 1918)
- May 21 - Nikola Avramov, Bulgarian painter (d. 1945)
- May 27 - John Cockcroft, English physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
- May 29
    - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia, (d.1918)
    - Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (d. 1957)
- June 7 - George Szell, Hungarian conductor (d. 1970)
- June 12 - Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1977)
- June 13 - Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (d. 1973)
- June 16 - Georg Wittig, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- June 19
    - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
    - Moe Howard, American comedian and actor (d. 1975)
- June 22 - Edmund A. Chester, American Broadcaster and journalist (d. 1973)

July - December

- July 7 - Mikhail Kovalyov, Soviet Military officer, colonel-general (d. 1967)
- July 20 - Tadeus Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1996)
- July 24 - Amelia Earhart, American aviator (d. 1937 - presumed)
- July 29 - Sir Neil Ritchie, British WWII general (d. 1983)
- August 2 - Max Weber (politician)|Max Weber, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1974)
- August 5 - Aksel Larsen, Danish politician (d. 1972)
- August 10 - John Galbreath, American businessman (d. 1988)
- August 28 - Charles Boyer, French actor (d. 1978)
- September 1 - Andy Kennedy, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1963)
- September 8 - Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)|Jimmie Rodgers, American singer (d. 1933)
- September 12 - Irene Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1956)
- September 17 - Earl Webb, American baseball player (d. 1965)
- September 23 - Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (d. 1984)
- September 25 - William Faulkner, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
- September 26
    - Pope Paul VI (d. 1978)
    - Arthur Rhys Davids, English pilot (d. 1917)
- October 2 - Bud Abbott, American actor (d. 1974)
- October 3 - Louis Aragon, French author (d. 1982)
- October 15 - Johannes Sikkar, Estonian statesman (d. 1960)
- October 20 - Yi Un, Korean Crown Prince (d. 1970)
- October 29 - Joseph Goebbels, German Nazi propagandist (d. 1945)
- November 9
    - Harvey Hendrick, American baseball player (d. 1941)
    - Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
- November 15 - Sacheverell Sitwell, English author (d. 1988)
- November 17 - Frank Fay(U.S.-born)|Frank Fay, American actor (d. 1961)
- November 18 - Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett|Patrick Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- November 23 - Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali author (d. 1999)
- November 24 - Lucky Luciano, Sicilian-American mafia boss (d. 1962)
- November 30 - Virginia Henderson, American nurse theorist (d. 1996)
- December 18 - Fletcher Henderson, American musician (d. 1952)
- December 30 - Alfredo Bracchi, Italian author (d. 1976)

Deaths

January-June

- February 4 - Charles Bendire|Major Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (b. 1836)
- February 19 - Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (b. 1815)
- March 11 - Henry Drummond, Scottish evangelical writer and lecturer (b. 1851)
- March 19 - Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, Irish-born traveler (b. 1810)
- April 1 - Jandamarra, Aborigine who led armed insurrections against white settlement in Australia.
- April 3 - Johannes Brahms, German composer (b. 1833)
- April 10 - Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1851)
- May 4 - Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria (b. 1847)
- May 7 - Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale (b. 1822)
- May 10 - Andrés Bonifacio, Filipino revolutionary (b. 1863)
- May 23 - Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, Indian rajah (b. 1850)

July-December

- August 8 - Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Spanish politician and historian (b. 1828)
- September 9
- Richard Holt Hutton, English writer and theologian (b. 1826)
- Ferenc Pulszky, Hungarian politician (b. 1814)
- September 21 - Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (b. 1819)
- September 27 - Charles Denis Bourbaki, French military leader (b. 1816)
- September 30 - St Thérèse de Lisieux, French Catholic saint (b. 1873)
- October 9 - Jan Heemskerk, prime minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
- October 29 - Henry George, American economist (b. 1839)
- November - Francisco Gonzalo Marin, Cuban poet and freedom fighter (b. 1863)
- November 3 - Thomas Lanier Clingman, American "Prince of Politicians" (b. 1812)
- November 17 - George Hendric Houghton, American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b. 1820)
- November 18 - Henry Doulton, English pottery manufacturer (b. 1820)
- November 19 - William Seymour Tyler, American educator and historian (b. 1810)
- November 20 - Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (b. 1835)
- December 17 - Alphonse Daudet, French writer (b. 1840)
- December 28 - William Corby, American Catholic priest (b. 1833)
- ''date unknown'' - Owon, Korean painter (b. 1843)
- Jamal-al-Din Afghani, teacher and writer (b. 1838). Category:1897| map-bms:1897 be-x-old:1897 simple:1897 zh-yue:1897年 cbk-zam:1897 bat-smg:1897

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