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1882
Year '''1882''' ('''Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXXII''') was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Events
January - March
- January 2 - John D. Rockefeller unites his oil holdings into the Standard Oil Trust (19th century)|trust.
- February 2 - The ''Knights of Columbus'' are formed in New Haven, Connecticut.
- February 3 - P. T. Barnum purchases the elephant Jumbo.
- March 2 - Roderick Maclean fails to assassinate Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
- March 20 - British gunboats enter Monrovia, with Arthur Havelock demanding that Liberia cede disputed territory to the British colony of Sierra Leone.
- March 22 - Polygamy is made a felony by the Edmunds Act as passed by the Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress.
- March 24 - Robert Koch announces the discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'').
- March 28 - Republican Jules Ferry makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (laique) and obligatory.
- March 29 - The ''Knights of Columbus'' are established.
- March - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claims to be the 'Reformer of Islam' or ''Majaddid'' of the Muslim 14th century.
April - June
- April 3 - Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed by Robert Ford (outlaw)|Robert Ford.
- May 2 - Charles Stewart Parnell is released.
- May 6
- The "Invincibles" (militant Irish republicans) kill Lord Frederick Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland and permanent undersecretary T.H. Burke in Phoenix Park, Dublin;
- The ''Chinese Exclusion Act (United States)|Chinese Exclusion Act'' is the first important law which restricts immigration into the U.S.A.
- May 20 - The Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance is formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
- June 6
- A cyclone in the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead.
- Battle of Embabo: The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia|Menelik defeat the Gojjame army.
- June 11 - The Urabi Revolt breaks out in Egypt against the Khedive and European influence in that country.
- June 30 - U.S. presidential assassin Charles Guiteau is hanged.
July - September
- July 11 - British troops occupy Alexandria and the Suez Canal.
- July 26 - Boers establish the republic of Stellaland in southern Africa.
- July 31 - The Hebrew Moshava of Rishon LeZion|Rishon Le-Zion is founded.
- August 3 - The U.S. Congress passes the 1882 Immigration Act.
- August 5 - Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.
- August 20 - Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky's ''1812 Overture'' debuts in Moscow.
- September 5 - The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
- September 13 - 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War: British troops occupy Cairo, and Egypt becomes a British protectorate.
October - December
- October 5 - The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago - (currently the Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by Felix Adler.
- October 14 - The University of the Punjab is founded in present day Pakistan.
- October 16 - The New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad|Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
- November 16 - The Royal Navy's HMS Flirt (1867)|HMS ''Flirt'' destroys Abari village in Niger.
- December 6 - The last astronomical transit|transit of the planet transit of Venus|Venus until 2004 occurs.
- December - Zichron Yaakov is founded in northern Israel.
Undated
- Nikola Tesla conceives the rotating magnetic field principle and uses it to invent the alternating current generator/motor.
- First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
- Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendental number|transcendentality of pi.
- The Married Women's Property Act 1882 in United Kingdom|Britain enables women to buy, own and sell property and to keep their own earnings.
- Zulu king Cetshwayo returns to South Africa.
- A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay.
- The United Kingdom|British Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys|Chartered Institute of Patent Agents is founded (now called Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys).
- The Personal Liberty League is established to oppose the temperance movement in the United States.
- Carolyn Merrick is elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
- St Andrew's Ambulance Association in Glasgow, Scotland, and St. John Ambulance in Canada are founded.
- Founding of:
- Waterloo R.F.C.|Waterloo Rugby Club
- Tottenham Hotspur F.C. (as Hotspur F.C.)
- Albion Rovers F.C. (Scotland)|Albion Rovers F.C. (though the amalgamation of two Coatbridge clubs, Albion and Rovers)
- Queens Park Rangers F.C.
- Burnley F.C.
- Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club
- Redruth Mining School opens.
- Pogroms in Southern Russia end.
Births
January - June
- January 6
- Fan S. Noli, Albanian poet and political figure (d. 1965)
- Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961)
- January 17 - Noah Beery, American actor (d. 1946)
- January 18 - A. A. Milne, British author (d. 1956)
- January 25 - Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941)
- January 30 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
- February 1 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent, twelfth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973)
- February 2 - James Joyce, Irish author (d. 1941)
- February 4 - E. J. Pratt, Canadian poet (d. 1964)
- February 15 - John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
- February 22 - Eric Gill, British sculptor and writer (d. 1940)
- February 26 - Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (d. 1968)
- February 28 - Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (d. 1967)
- March 6 - F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (d. 1980)
- March 14 - Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (d. 1969)
- March 15 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (d. 1953)
- March 18 - Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (d. 1973)
- March 23 - Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935)
- March 26 - Hermann Obrecht, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1940)
- March 30 - Melanie Klein, Viennese child psychoanalyst (d. 1960)
- April 4 - Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1934)
- April 17 - Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist (d. 1951)
- April 18
- Isabel J. Cox, wife of Canadian prime minister Arthur Meighen (d. 1985)
- Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (d. 1977)
- Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (d. 1948)
- April 19 - Getúlio Vargas, president of Brazil (d. 1954)
- April 21 - Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- April 24 - Hugh Dowding, commander of the RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain (d. 1970)
- April 29 - H.N. Werkman, Dutch artist and printer (d. 1945)
- May 5 - Sylvia Pankhurst, suffragette (d. 1960)
- May 6 - Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, heir of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II (d. 1951)
- May 9
- Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (d. 1967)
- George Barker (painter)|George Barker, American painter (d. 1965)
- May 13 - Georges Braque, French painter (d. 1963)
- May 19 - Mohammed Mossadegh, Iranian prime minister (d. 1967)
- May 20 - Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
- May 30 - Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (d. 1915)
- June 9 - Bobby Kerr, Canadian sprinter (d. 1963)
- June 15 - Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister and dictator (d. 1946)
- June 17
- Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (d. 1971)
- Adolf Friedrich VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1918)
July - December
- July 8 - Percy Aldridge Grainger, Australian composer (d. 1962)
- July 22 - Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
- July 25 - George S. Rentz, United States Navy Chaplain and Navy Cross winner (d. 1942)
- July 27 - Geoffrey de Havilland, British aviation pioneer and aircraft company founder (d. 1965)
- August 14 - Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972)
- August 17 - Samuel Goldwyn, Hollywood movie mogul (d. 1974)
- August 25 - Seán T. O'Kelly, second President of Ireland (d. 1966)
- August 26 - James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- September - Ma Rainey, blues singer (d. 1939)
- September 13 - Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
- October 3 - A. Y. Jackson, Canadian painter (d. 1974)
- October 5 - Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)
- October 6 - Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (d. 1937)
- October 14
- Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach and third President of Ireland (d. 1975)
- Charlie Parker (cricketer)|Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)
- October 20 - Béla Lugosi, Hungarian-born actor (d. 1956)
- October 25 - Florence Easton, English opera soprano (d. 1955)
- November 11 - King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
- November 15 - Felix Frankfurter, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (d. 1965)
- December 9 - Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949)
- December 11
- Subramanya Bharathy, Tamil Indian poet (d. 1921)
- Max Born, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- December 16
- Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (d. 1967)
- Jack Hobbs, English cricketer (d. 1963)
- December 31 - Martin O'Meara, Australian soldier (d. 1935)
Deaths
January - June
- January 7 - Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Poland|Polish pharmacist and inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of the first oil lamp (b. 1822)
- January 6 - Richard Henry Dana, founder of Dana Point, CA (b. 1815)
- January 13 - Juraj Dobrila, Croatian bishop (b. 1812)
- February 6 - J. J. McCarthy, Irish architect (b. 1817)
- March 9 - Giovanni Lanza, Italian politician (b. 1810)
- March 24 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American author (b. 1807)
- April 3 - Jesse James 1847|Jesse James, American Western outlaw (b. 1847)
- April 10 - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (b. 1828)
- April 17
- George Jennings, English sanitary engineer (b. 1801)
- Antonio Fontanesi, Italian painter (b. 1818)
- April 19 - Charles Darwin, British naturalist (b. 1809)
- April 27 - Ralph Waldo Emerson, American philosopher and writer (b. 1803)
- June 2 - Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (b. 1807)
- June 3 - Christian Wilberg, German painter (b. 1839)
- June 25
- François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
- Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (b. 1843)
- June 30 - Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
July - December
- July 4 - Joseph Brackett, American Shaker religious leader and composer (b. 1797)
- July 16 - Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (b. 1818)
- July 20 - Fanny Parnell, Irish poet and founder of the Ladies' Land League (b. 1848)
- August 31 - Pedro Luiz Napoleão Chernoviz, Brazilian physician, writer and publisher (b. 1812)
- September 8 - Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (b. 1809)
- September 30 - José Milla y Vidaurre, Guatemalan writer (b. 1822)
- November 7 - Julius Hübner, German painter (b. 1806)
- November 14 - Billy Claiborne, American gunfighter (b. 1860)
- December 3 - Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1811)
- December 6
- Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (b. 1819)
- Louis Blanc, French politician and historian (b. 1811)
- December 18 - Henry James Sr., American theologian (b. 1811)
- December 21 - Francesco Hayez, Italian painter (b. 1791)
- December 31 - Léon Gambetta, French statesman (b. 1838)
External links
- 1882 Coin Pictures
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