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1858
Year '''1858''' ('''Roman numerals|MDCCCLVIII''') was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1858
January - March
- January 14 - Felice Orsini and his accomplices fail to assassinate Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III in Paris but their Orsini bomb|bombs killed eight and wounded 142 people. Because of the involvement of French émigrés living in United Kingdom|Britain, there is a brief anti-British feeling in France, but the emperor refuses to support it. Orsini is executed by guillotine on March 13 of the same year.
- January 25 - The ''Wedding March'' by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional after it is played on this day at the marriage of Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria's daughter Victoria, Princess Royal and Empress Frederick|Victoria, "Vicky," the Princess Royal to Prince Friedrich III of Germany (Hohenzollern)|Friedrich of Prussia in St. James's Palace, London.
- February 11 - The Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to St Bernadette of Lourdes.
- March 30 - Hyman Lipman patents a pencil with an attached eraser.
April - June
- April 16 - The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, was wound up.
- April 28-May 1 - Battle of Grahovac (between Ottoman and Montenegrin forces)
- May 11 - Minnesota is admitted as the 32nd U.S. state.
- May 19 - Marais des Cygnes massacre perpetrated by pro-slavery forces in Bleeding Kansas.
- June 20 - The last rebels of the Indian Mutiny surrender in Gwalior.
- June 23 - Police of the Papal States seize Jewish boy Edgardo Mortara and take him away to be raised as a Catholic.
- May-July - Mahtra War in the Reval Governorate|Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire - peasants revolt against serfdom, that was officially abolished in 1816.
July - September
- July
- Count Camillo Benso di Cavour goads Austria into attacking Sardinia.
- Forty-Niners stream into the Rocky Mountains of the western United States during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush.
- July 1 - Papers by Charles Darwin|Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace|Wallace announcing a theory of Evolution by natural selection read at London's Linnean Society.
- July 12 - First publication of The Advertiser (Australia)|The Advertiser, the daily news paper still in circulation in Adelaide, Australia
- July 17 - Salvage of the HMS Lutine (1785)|Lutine bell, which is subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London.
- July 28 - In Bengal/India, British officer William James Herschel used hand impression of Rajyadhar Konai as a contract fingerprint signature.
- July 29 - United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.
- August 5 - Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic Telegraphy|telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. The service ends on September 1 due to weak current.
- August 7 - Claimed by some to be first Australian rules football match between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College, Melbourne|Scotch College.
- August 11 - First ascent of the Eiger.
- August 16 - US President James Buchanan inaugurates the new trans-Atlantic Telegraphy|telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. However, a weak signal will force a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.
October - December
- November 17 - epoch (astronomy)|epoch of the Julian day|Modified Julian Day
- November 17 - City of Denver, CO founded
Undated
- British Empire takes over powers & properties of the British East India Company|British East India Company(see also history of Bangladesh).
- India starts to be ruled by the British Parliament and administered by a civil service in India.
- William Marcy Tweed begins his thirteen-year term as "Political boss|Boss" of Tammany Hall.
- British stop using Hulk (ship)|prison hulks.
- Last Cape Lion seen.
- Haute couture firm of Worth and Bobergh established.
- Lincoln-Douglas Debates
- The Miners Association established in Cornwall, United Kingdom|UK.
- Feudalism and serfdom in Bulgaria abolished in the Ottoman Empire; practically in 1880.
- William I of Prussia becomes a regent.
Ongoing events
- Second Opium War (1856-1860)
- Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
Births
January - June
- January 7 - Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Russian-born advocate of the Hebrew language (d. 1922)
- January 10 - Heinrich Zille, German illustrator and photographer (d. 1929)
- January 11 - Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (d. 1947)
- January 27 - Cornelia Hubertina Doff French author of Dutch origin known as Neel Doff, nominee of the 1911 Prix Goncourt (d. 1942)
- February 15 - John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (d. 1911)
- March 10 - Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese pearl farm pioneer (d. 1954)
- March 18 - Rudolf Diesel, German inventor (d. 1913)
- March 23 - Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1941)
- April 23 - Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
- April 30 - Mary Dimmick Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison (d. 1948)
- June 16
- King Gustaf V of Sweden (d. 1950)
- William D. Boyce|William Dickson Boyce, founder of the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1929)
July - December
- July 9 - Franz Boas, German anthropologist (d. 1942)
- July 14 - Emmeline Pankhurst, Suffragette, mother of Christabel Pankhurst|Christabel, Sylvia Pankhurst|Sylvia and Adela Pankhurst|Adela Pankhurst (d. 1928)
- August 1 - Hans Rott, Austrian composer (d. 1884)
- August 2 - Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent (d.1934)
- August 11 - Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1930)
- August 19 - Alfred Dyke Acland, British military officer (d. 1937)
- August 27 - Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician (d. 1932)
- September 1 - Andrew Jackson Zilker, American philanthropist (d. 1934)
- September 16 - Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923)
- October 3 - Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (d. 1924)
- October 19 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
- October 27 - Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1919)
- November 20 - Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
- November 26 - Katharine Drexel, Roman Catholic saint
- November 30 - Jagdish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (d. 1937)
- December 22 - Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (d. 1924)
- December 25 - Herman P. Faris, American temperance movement leader (d. 1936)
Deaths
January - June
- January 5 - Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal (b. 1766)
- January 9 - Anson Jones, 5th and last List of Presidents of the Republic of Texas|President of Texas (suicide) (b. 1798)
- March 4 - Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, American naval officer (b. 1794)
- April 7 - Anton Diabelli, composer (b. 1781)
- June 3 - Julius Reubke, German composer (b. 1834)
- June 28 - Auguste de Montferrand, French architect (b. 1786)
July - December
- August 14 - Tokugawa Iesada, shogun (b. 1824)
- September 9 - Thomas Assheton Smith II, politician and cricketer (b. 1776)
- September 17 - Dred Scott, American slave (b. ca 1795)
- November 12 - Alois II, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1796)
- November 15 - Li Hsu-pin, military leader (b. 1817)
- November 17 - Robert Owen, social reformer (b. 1771)
- November 24 - Wincenty Krasiński, Polish military leader (b. 1782)
- December 3 - Joseph Marie Elisabeth Durocher, geologist (b. 1817)
- December 13 - Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher, botanist (b. 1799)
- December 17 - Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Ottaman statesman (b. 1800)
- ''date unknown'' - Georgios Kountouriotis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1782)
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