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1838
Year '''1838''' ('''Roman numerals|MDCCCXXXVIII''') was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1838
January - June
- January 10 - A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange (London)|Royal Exchange in London.
- April 8 - Regular Atlantic steamship service begins with the ''SS Great Western''.
- April 30 - Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation (See History of Nicaragua#Early history|Nicaragua's early history).
- May - The Chartism|People's Charter is drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage.
- May - Lord Durham and his entourage arrive in Upper Canada to investigate the cause of the 1837 rebellion in that province. This leads to Durham submitting the Durham Report to Britain.
- May 26 - History of the United States|USA: The Cherokee Tribe is forcibly relocated in the Trail of Tears.
- June 10 - 28 Aborigines are killed in the Myall Creek Massacre.
- September 7 - Grace Darling and her father rescue 13 survivors from the SS Forfarshire.
- November 3 - ''The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce'' is founded (later renamed The Times of India in 1861).
- November 5 - The United Provinces of Central America#Dissolution of the Union|Central American Civil War begins with Honduras' separation from the Central American Federation.
- December - Pastry War: Mexico is invaded by France|French forces.
Undated
- Yucatan declares independence from Mexico.
- Proteins are discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius.
- Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
- Women in Pitcairn are the first in the world to obtain and maintain the women's suffrage|right to vote.["World suffrage timeline - women and the vote", New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage]
- Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.
- Duke University is established in North Carolina.
- 40,000 chests of opium are sold in China.
Ongoing
- War of the Confederation (1836-39)
- War of Tatters (1835-45)
Births
January - June
- January 4 - General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (d. 1883)
- January 6 - Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
- January 16 - Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
- February 6 - Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
- February 10 - Gustav Oelwein, founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
- February 16 - Henry Brooks Adams, American historian (d. 1918)
- February 18 - Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1916)
- March 3 - George William Hill, American astronomer (d. 1914)
- March 11 - Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese politician (d. 1922)
- April 3 - John Willis Menard, African-American politician (d. 1893)
- April 8 - Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917)
- April 12 - John Shaw Billings, M.D., American military and medical leader (d. 1913)
- April 16 - Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
- April 28 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913)
- April 21 - John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914)
- May 10 - John Wilkes Booth, American actor and assassin (d. 1865)
- May 20 - Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
- June 14 - Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese Prime Minister (d. 1922).
July - December
- September 2 - Liliuokalani of Hawai'i, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
- September 27- Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate States of America |Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor, and president of Texas A&M University (d. 1898)
- October 6 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
- October 25 - Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
- October 31 - King Luis I of Portugal (d. 1889)
- November 7 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
- November 13 - Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1918)
- December 3 - Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
- December 19 - Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
- December 20 - Edwin Abbott Abbott, theologian and author (d. 1926)
- December 30 - Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d. 1929)
- Jamal-al-Din Afghani, teacher and writer (d. 1897)
Deaths
January - June
- January 3 - Prince Maximilian of Saxony (b. 1759)
- January 5 - Anthony Van Egmond, rebel leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 {died in jail}
- February 21 - Silvestre de Sacy, linguist (b. 1758)
- March 13 - Poul Martin Møller, philosopher (b. 1794)
- April 6 - José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian statesman and naturalist (b. 1763)
- April 9 - Piet Uys, Voortrekker leader (in battle) (b. 1797)
- May - Francisco Gómez, president of El Salvador (b. 1796)
- May 17 - Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, French diplomat (b. 1754)
- May 19 - Richard Colt Hoare, English archaeologist (b. 1758)
- June 14 - Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian statesman (b. 1759)
July - December
- July 19 - Christmas Evans, preacher (b. 1766)
- August 17 - Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart (b. 1749)
- August 21 - Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (b. 1781)
- September 1 - William Clark (explorer)|William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770)
- October 1 - Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist (b. 1768)
- November 21 - Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (b. 1770)
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