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1792
Year '''1792''' ('''Roman numerals|MDCCXCII''') was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar).
Events
January–March
- January 9 - The Treaty of Jassy ends Russia's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea.
- February 20 - The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Postal Service|United States Post Office Department, is signed by President George Washington.
- March 16 - King Gustav III of Sweden is shot in the back by Jacob Johan Anckarström at a midnight Masquerade ball|masquerade at the Royal Opera in Stockholm; he lives until March 29, and is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf.
- March 20 - A new capital of North Carolina and county seat of the newly formed Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County is established after North Carolina State Senator and surveyor William Christmas submits his design for the city. A few months later the capital is officially named Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh.
April-June
- April - France goes to war against Austria and Prussia.
- April 2 - The Coinage Act (1792)|Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint.
- April 5 - President of the United States|United States President George Washington vetoes a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states. This is the first time the presidential veto is used in the United States.
- April 20 - France declares war against Austria.
- April 21 - Tiradentes, prime figure in the Inconfidência Mineira plot, is executed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- April 24 - The guillotine is first used experimentally in France.
- April 25
- Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine.
- ''La Marseillaise'', the France|French national anthem, is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
- May 11 - Captain Robert Gray (sea-captain)|Robert Gray becomes the first white man to enter the Columbia River.
- May 17 - The Buttonwood Agreement is signed, beginning the New York Stock Exchange.
- May 21 - An old lava dome collapses in Kyūshū, Japan when Mount Unzen volcano erupts; the resulting avalanche and tsunami kills about 14,300 people.
- June 4 - Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain.
July–September
- August 10 - French Revolution: The Tuileries Palace is stormed, and Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody.
- September - George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney sails from Portsmouth to China.
- September 2 - During what becomes known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter 3 Roman Catholic Church bishops and more than 200 priests.
- September 11 - Six men steal some of the former French Crown jewels from a warehouse where the revolutionary government had stored them.
- September 20 - Battle of Valmy: French revolutionary army defeats Prussians under the Duke of Brunswick after 7-hour artillery duel.
- September 21 - The French Convention abolishes the monarchy and establishes the French First Republic|First Republic.
- September 22 - The Calendar era|Era of the historical French Republican Calendar begins.
October–December
- October 12 - The first Columbus Day celebration in the United States|USA is held in New York, 300 years after his arrival in the New World.
- October 13 - Foundation of Washington, DC: The cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion, known as the White House after 1818, is laid.
- October 29 - Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after the British naval officer Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood|Samuel Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton, who spots the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River.
- December 3 - George Washington is re-elected President of the United States.
- December 26 - The trial of Louis XVI of France begins.
Undated
- The Baptist Missionary Society is founded in Kettering, England.
- Dominique-Jean Larrey, chief surgeon of the Grand Armee of France, creates the first ambulance wagons specifically designed as ambulances.
- Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, the last emperor, takes office.
- War in defence of the constitution: Russia invades Poland.
- King John VI of Portugal|John VI takes over from his insane mother in Portugal.
- Tipu Sultan invades Kerala in India, but is repulsed.
- George Vancouver explores Puget Sound, becoming the first European to see Mount Rainier.
- Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, an astronomer, publishes ''The Tables of the Sun'', an essential early work for navigation.
- Claude Chappe successfully demonstrates the first semaphore line, between Paris and Lille.
- William Murdoch begins experimenting with gas lighting.
- George Anschutz constructs the first blast furnace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- Thomas Holcroft produces the play ''Road to Ruin'' in London.
- Barthelemy Catherine Joubert, later general, becomes sub-lieutenant.
- Johann Georg Albrechtberger becomes Kapellmeister in Vienna.
- The State Street Corporation is founded.
- Shiloh Meeting House, predecessor of Shiloh United Methodist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia, is founded.
- Mary Wollstonecraft's ''A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'' is published.
- The first written examinations in Europe are held at Cambridge University, England.
Ongoing events
- French Revolution (1789-1799).
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802).
Births
January-June
- January 12 - Johann Arfvedson, Swedish chemist (d. 1841)
- February 10 - Captain Frederick Marryat, British author (d. 1848)
- February 17 - Karl Ernst von Baer, German naturalist (d. 1876)
- February 29 - Gioacchino Rossini, Italian composer (d. 1868)
- March 3 - Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler, German church historian (d. 1854)
- March 4 - Samuel Slocum, American inventor (d. 1861)
- March 7 - John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)
- April 1 - Karl Gottlob Zumpt, German scholar (d. 1894)
- April 23 - John Thomas Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist (d. 1882)
- April 25 - John Keble, British poet (d. 1866)
- May 13 - Pope Pius IX (d. 1878)
- May 15 - James Mayer Rothschild, German-born banker (d. 1868)
- May 17 - Anne Isabella Milbanke, English wife of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron
- May 18 - Margaret Ann Neve, supercentenarian (d. 1903)
- May 21 - Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, French engineer and scientist (d. 1843)
- June 15 - John Pascoe Fawkner, pioneer and newspaper publisher in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (d. 1869)
- June 16 - John Linnell (1792)|John Linnell, British painter (d. 1882)
July-December
- July 7 - William Henry Smith (businessman)|William Henry Smith, British businessman (d. 1865)
- July 10 - George M. Dallas, U.S. Senator and Vice President of the United States (d. 1864)
- June 21 - Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian (d. 1860)
- August 4 - Percy Bysshe Shelley, British poet (d. 1822)
- August 13 - Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1849)
- August 18 - John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1878)
- September 19 - William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American business tycoon (d. 1875)
- September 26 - William Hobson, first Governor of New Zealand (d. 1842)
- October 29 - Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Explorer and Surveyor-General of New South Wales, Australia (d. 1855)
- November 11 - Mary Anne Evans, wife of Benjamin Disraeli (d. 1872)
- November 28 - Victor Cousin, French philosopher (d. 1867)
- December 1 - Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1856)
- December 6 - William II of the Netherlands (d. 1849)
- ''date unknown'' - Matteo Carcassi, Italian musician and composer (d. 1853)
- ''See also :Category: 1792 births.''
Deaths
January-June
- February 15- John Witherspoon
- February 23 - Sir Joshua Reynolds, British painter (b. 1723)
- March 1 - Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
- March 3 - Robert Adam, British architect (b. 1728)
- March 10 - John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1713)
- March 29 - King Gustav III of Sweden (assassinated) (b. 1746)
- April 3
- George Pocock, British admiral (b. 1706)
- John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (b. 1718)
- April 4 - James Sykes (delegate)|James Sykes, American politician (b. 1725)
- April 14 - Maximilian Hell, Slovakian astronomer (b. 1720)
- April 23 - Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian and adventurer (b. 1741)
- April 30 - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (b. 1718)
- May 10 - John Stevens (New Jersey)|John Stevens, American delegate to the Continental Congress
- May 12 - Charles Simon Favart, French dramatist (b. 1710)
- May 24 - George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, British naval officer (b. 1718)
- June 4 - John Burgoyne, British general (b. 1723)
July-December
- July 3 - Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1721)
- July 18 - John Paul Jones, American naval captain (b. 1747)
- July 29 - René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, Chancellor of France (b. 1714)
- August 5 - Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1732)
- August 25 - Jacques Cazotte, French writer (b. 1719)
- September 3 - Marie-Louise, princesse de Lamballe|Princesse de Lamballe, French friend of Marie Antoinette (murdered)
- September 8 - Charles d'Abancourt, French statesman (b. 1758)
- September 18 - August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (b. 1704)
- September 25 - Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (b. 1710)
- October 7 - George Mason, American patriot (b. 1725)
- October 22 - Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (b. 1725)
- October 28
- Paul Möhring, German physician and scientist (b. 1710)
- John Smeaton, English civil engineer (b. 1724)
- December 15 - Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish composer (b. 1756)
- ''date unknown'' - Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Arabic preacher (b. 1703)
- ''See also :Category: 1792 deaths.''
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